Posting Rules | post new threads post replies post attachments edit your posts is are code is are are are | Privacy Guaranteed - your email is never shared with anyone, opt out any time. Review of Westphal One DesignBasic specs.. The hull is made of fibreglass. Generally, a hull made of fibreglass requires only a minimum of maintenance during the sailing season. And outside the sailing season, just bottom cleaning and perhaps anti-fouling painting once a year - a few hours of work, that's all. The boat equipped with a fractional rig. A fractional rig has smaller headsails which make tacking easier, which is an advantage for cruisers and racers, of course. The downside is that having the wind from behind often requires a genaker or a spinnaker for optimal speed. Sailing characteristicsThis section covers widely used rules of thumb to describe the sailing characteristics. Please note that even though the calculations are correct, the interpretation of the results might not be valid for extreme boats. What is Capsize Screening Formula (CSF)? The capsize screening value for Westphal One Design is 1.71, indicating that this boat could - if evaluated by this formula alone - be accepted to participate in ocean races. What is Theoretical Maximum Hull Speed? The theoretical maximal speed of a displacement boat of this length is 6.1 knots. The term "Theoretical Maximum Hull Speed" is widely used even though a boat can sail faster. The term shall be interpreted as above the theoretical speed a great additional power is necessary for a small gain in speed. The immersion rate is defined as the weight required to sink the boat a certain level. The immersion rate for Westphal One Design is about 84 kg/cm, alternatively 470 lbs/inch. Meaning: if you load 84 kg cargo on the boat then it will sink 1 cm. Alternatively, if you load 470 lbs cargo on the boat it will sink 1 inch. Sailing statisticsThis section is statistical comparison with similar boats of the same category. The basis of the following statistical computations is our unique database with more than 26,000 different boat types and 350,000 data points. What is Motion Comfort Ratio (MCR)? What is L/B (Length Beam Ratio)? What is Displacement Length Ratio? SA/D (Sail Area Displacement ratio) Indicates how fast the boat is in light wind: - Cruising Boats have ratios 10-15 - Cruiser-Racers have ratios 16-20 - Racers have ratios above 20 - High-Performance Racers have ratios above 24 Sail-area/displacement ratio (SA/D ratio): 20.11 MaintenanceIf you need to renew parts of your running rig and is not quite sure of the dimensions, you may find the estimates computed below useful. Usage | Length | Diameter | Jib sheet | 8.6 m | (28.3 feet) | 10 mm | (3/8 inch) | Genoa sheet | 8.6 m | (28.3 feet) | 10 mm | (3/8 inch) | Mainsheet | 21.6 m | (70.8 feet) | 10 mm | (3/8 inch) | Spinnaker sheet | 19.0 m | (62.3 feet) | 10 mm | (3/8 inch) | This section is reserved boat owner's modifications, improvements, etc. Here you might find (or contribute with) inspiration for your boat. Do you have changes/improvements you would like to share? Upload a photo and describe what you have done. We are always looking for new photos. If you can contribute with photos for Westphal One Design it would be a great help. If you have any comments to the review, improvement suggestions, or the like, feel free to contact us . Criticism helps us to improve. Most Popular One-Design Sailboats Key Takeaways - A class-legal boats race is for you to compete without special modifications to the boat
- Small boats are typically one-design but some can be up to 30 feet in length
- The two most popular one-design boat brands are Laser and Sunfish
- Each class association is governed by the US Sailing organization
- Youth sailors greatly benefit from one-design classes to help shape sailing skills
One-design class sailboats come in a variety of shapes and sizes. But what are the most popular one-design sailboats? Popular one-design sailboats include Laser, 49er, I-420, and Ideal 18. Some popular multihull one-design boats are A-Cat, Isotope, and Hobie 16. Various one-design boat brands will cater to specific races and sailor’s needs in order to provide the best experience. In my experience the Laser is one of the popular one-design brands in existence due to its rich history and sailors loyalty to the brand. Many other brands are right up there with it in terms of quality and performance. Table of contents Top 15 Popular One-Design SailboatsOne-design sailboats are an international class of boats meant for solo sailing and racing. One-design racing incorporates virtually identical boats and some of the popular brands today have the best representation of the design class. The Laser is the most popular racing dinghy across the world. It is a one-design sailboat they use in Olympic regatta and other world sailing events. There have been over 200,000 of these sold worldwide and they feature three rig setups to accommodate anyone that enjoys dinghy sailing. The 49er is another sailboat that is considered among the best of world class racing sailboats. This small sailboat is a double handed skiff and requires that you have plenty of skill to handle it. The popularity has exploded since its debut in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. The I-420 is a one-design class sailboat that is sailed around the world. It is commonly used in sailing schools and clubs for sailors that want to hone their skills as a dinghy racer. This boat is classified as an Olympic Development Class for all athletes trying to join the Olympics. If you are wanting a blend of high performance competitive sailing without being too difficult then the 470 is the perfect boat. This incredible boat was introduced in the 1976 Montreal Olympics and is still currently used today for many of the races for design classes in the Olympics. These boats are used for the men’s and women’s double handed racing. A popular one-design keelboat is the Ideal 18 that requires skill rather than any special rigging to win a race. It is one of the easiest boats to rig and is best for single handed sailing. You can use either a roller furling jib or self tacking jib to accommodate your sailing needs. The A-Cat is part of the International A-Class and is an international developmental class for multihull one-design sailboats. It is 18 feet in length and is regarded as one of the fastest dinghy sailboats in existence. They mirror the quality used in the America’s Cup and are used in many races across North America. Another one-design multihull that many sailors are switching to is the Isotope . This one-design class is a registered Formula 16HP class boat. At just 16 feet it is one of the fastest one-design multihulls out there. The Hobie 16 is a one-design multihull sailboat that is one of the most iconic sailboats. It is in the Sailing Hall of Fame and is easy to sail. Sailors have loved this boat for over 45 years with over 100,000 sold worldwide. The 29er is the younger sibling to the 49er one-design sailboat. This boat is a bit more advanced and perfect for youth that are wanting to take the next step up to the 49er. It has a race class devoted to it and is a great alternative to the Laser series if you have difficulty finding one. A one-design boat that is geared towards a variety of uses does not get any better than the J/30 . It has the appeal of a racer cruiser and can accommodate all different types of sailing experience. This is perfect for those that want to race but not be tied down to limited options on the boat. For youth that need a great starter one-design boat the Nacra 15 is a perfect option. It is a semi-foiling multihull that requires teamwork and is perfect for those that are building up the skills to one day be in the Olympics. At just under 16 feet it offers the ease of transportation anywhere the water is available. The Atlantic is a classic one-design sailboat that is 30 feet in length and is fast. It has a keel and offers stability while remaining fast on the water. For nearly 100 years this 30 foot one-design has been at the top of its class. Catalina 22The Catalina 22 was one of the first boats inducted in the 1995 Sailboat Hall of Fame for good reason. It helped revolutionize the trailerable sailboat market and is a great one-design boat for sailing. It is great for the entire family and can be passed on for generations if taken care of properly. A popular one-design sailboat that typically needs three or four people to sail is the J/22 . Hundreds of J/22 boats have sailed over the years since it was used in the 2004 Olympics. Its design allows it to remain competitive against older boats due to the strict one-design class. The most iconic one-design sailboat out there is arguably the Sunfish . There are over 500,000 Sunfish boats around the world since the 1950’s and are used in roughly a thousand races a year. The beauty of this one-design is that it can be used as a racing boat or for casual day sailing. Why One-Design Boats are Used for RacingSailing has been primarily used over the course of history to ship goods across waterways. Over time designs changed and people were interested in seeing who was faster than one another. This led to the design of racing sailboats and were first used in the 1800’s in Greece. Fast forward over 200 years later and there are thousands of boats racing across the world in various competitions. One-design boats are not only meant for racing and can be used for daysailing depending on the brand. If you want to be on the same playing field and for everyone else to do the same then one-design boats are ideal. Need for SpeedThere is a unique feeling when you see another sailboat just like yours and you have the itch to race it. This has always been a driving force behind racing and it is fueled by sailors that have a competitive outlook. One-designs are meant to allow your skill shine and not the boat aiding in your ability to win. Dinghy sailing are boats that are under 20 feet and are typically handled by less than three people. Importance of DesignOne-designs are a balance of sport and comfort. Some boats are geared entirely for racing but there are plenty that balance perfectly as a daysailer and a racing boat. Many will also have keels to provide added stability. A small keelboat is great for those wanting to have a bit more stability if they have a fear of tipping over in the water. Small keelboats are also great for those that are new to sailing and require a little help remaining stable. Best for TrainingIf you are an inexperienced sailor or you want your kids to lean how to sail then one-design boats are the best option. Since these design classes all have to be similar depending on the boat length it is easier to learn on these than another type of boat. This allows youth to easily adapt to the boat without being too overwhelmed or discouraged. It also helps if you start out on a one-design boat and then move up to a more advanced boat with a similar skill set needed to operate it. In addition you can try out different types of one-design sailboats without having to buy one. This will allow you to get your feet wet with yacht clubs or other solo sailing organizations and have fun trying new boats. What are One-Design Races?One-design sailing is where an event of racing takes place and all of the boats that are competing are identical or very similar. The reason that these boats are nearly identical is so that no one competitor has an edge based on their boat rigging or any other special influences. These races are entirely based on skill with minor help from the boat you are using so that everyone gets a fair shot. Everyone starts at the same time and the first to go across the finish line is the winner. There is an estimated 200 or more one-design race classes around the US and vary in boat length from eight to 40 feet. These races are narrowed down among various racing organizations and clubs across the world. Different Types of One-Design RacesThere are many versions of one-design racing that sailors can join. This all depends on your experience or potentially a club that you are a part of. In the Olympics you will also see various one-design races. Match races are quite common among one-design sailing. This is where two sailboats are of the same design or very similar are competing against one another to determine a winner. The only major difference between the two boats sailing against each other is the crews on board each boat. Depending on the experience of the crew will greatly affect the outcome of the race. Arguably the most common one-design racing is fleet. This is where either a small handful of boats or even up to 100 at a time can compete to cross a finish line in a given location. These are great because you have a lot of sailors starting at one spot at the same time in very similar or identical boats. This is the same setup used in the Olympics and is why it is the most common race type. Sailing clubs are great for building experience and camaraderie among your sailing peers. These can vary on one-design use but most will outline exactly what type of racing is going to be conducted. These typically use various forms of racing types or one-design sailboats depending on location. In addition you can race to be the best of your club and earn a trophy. Team racing is a bit different than other races that deliver a winner as soon as they cross the finish line. These are usually a few one-design boats with a few people on board and will award points to those teams depending on how they finish the race. The team that has the lowest amount of points after each race is the winner and it will require a few races to determine a winner. Regatta races can vary based on location and will use different types of one-design sailboats. These races typically last a few days and will need teammates if the event is geared towards a team event. Most people enjoy regattas since they offer one of the best social interactions lasting a few days. If you have ever wondered what it would be like to travel hundreds of miles or sail for days on end to reach a destination first then offshore one-design sailing is right for you. These races require extensive knowledge in order to remain safe. They typically have one-design requirements so that everyone is on the same playing field. If you have disabilities and still want to enjoy sailing then paralympic sailing competitions are right for you. These are one-design sailboat races meant to handle skill and can accommodate to anyone attempting to sail. Related Articles Daniel Wade I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing. by this author Best Sailboats Most RecentAffordable Sailboats You Can Build at HomeSeptember 13, 2023 Best Small Sailboats With Standing HeadroomDecember 28, 2023 Important Legal Info Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Similar PostsBest Bluewater Sailboats Under $50KBest Blue Water Sailboats Under 40 FeetWhich Sailboats Have Lead Keels?June 20, 2023 Popular PostsBest Liveaboard Catamaran SailboatsCan a Novice Sail Around the World?Elizabeth O'Malley June 15, 2022 4 Best Electric Outboard MotorsHow Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)December 20, 2023 7 Best Places To Liveaboard A SailboatGet the best sailing content. Top Rated Posts © 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy Free Shipping on orders over $150* (exceptions apply) Devoti Pro OptimistEx-Charter ILCA Dinghy, DevotiMelges 15, One-DesignLIGHTWEIGHT HIGH CUT BOOT | | | | | | | | | | | | | Beam: 12.75' Draft: 5.10' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Beam: 11.33' Draft: 5.025' | | | | | | | | Beam: 8' 0"' Draft: 4' 5' | | Beam: 11.28' Draft: 7.02' | | | | | | | | | | Beam: 13'6"' Draft: 5'5"' | | © 2001-2024 ./) . . ./) . . |
Top 10 Things To Do And See In Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Located about 400km east of Moscow , Nizhny Novgorod is one of the most important centers of cultural, economic, and political activity in European Russia . Widely considered, after St Petersburg and Moscow, to be Russia’s ‘third city’, Nizhny is fast becoming a hot-spot for Russian and global tourists alike, attracted by the city’s up-and-coming reputation and stunning landscape.The KremlinJutting out from the cliffs that overlook the meeting point of the great Volga and Oka rivers, Nizhny Novgorod ‘s ancient Kremlin boasts of some of the best views in the city. Designed by an Italian architect, the 13 magnificent towers and the 12 meter high walls of Nizhny’s Kremlin date back to 1500. On this very spot in 1612, heroes of Russian history Kuzma Minin and Count Dmitry Pozharsky defeated the invading Polish army in extraordinary circumstances. This moment has become legend in Russian history and a statue in honor of these two lies at the foot of St Basil’s in Moscow. The Kremlin is the historic center of the city where you will find an art museum and the lovely Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, as well as a striking monument to those that fought in the Second World War and its flame eternally flickering on in their memory. Ride on the cable carCompleted in 2012, taking a ride on Nizhny Novgorod’s cablecar has fast become a favorite activity of tourists. The trip offers unparalleled opportunities to view the city’s gorgeous natural landscape from this bird’s eye position. The 3660m long gondola lift connects Nizhny to the town of Bor and stretches across the Volga River for 900 panoramic meters. The gondola acts as both a convenient means of transportation and a fantastic sight-seeing expedition – come at sunset for a golden-bathed view of the river and surrounding landscape. The house-museum of Maxim GorkyDuring the Soviet era, Nizhny Novgorod, birthplace of celebrated Russian writer Maxim Gorky , was renamed ‘Gorky’ in honor of this national hero. This home has been preserved in a state as accurate as possible to how it was left by Gorky and is so successful in this that it would seem as though the writer still lived there. The museum ‘s historic interiors and authentic furnishings will transport you back to the 1900s and the creative world of this icon of Russian literature. Come and make the most of this unique experience to delve into the childhood world of this Russian father of social realism. Museum booklets and guided tours are available in English. Nizhegorodskaya YarmarkaA yarmarka is something akin to a fair, and this historic former market place was restored in 1991, the site now playing home to a superb modern exhibition center. The city’s yarmarka plays host to international events, fairs, and conventions. In 2011, for the 20 year anniversary of the fair’s refounding, a vast array of exhibitions were organized, attended by thousands including members of the British royal family, Vladimir Putin, Mikhail Gorbachev , and Margaret Thatcher . The fair is not only a buzzing center of business and culture, it is also one of the city’s most impressive sights. The Nizhegorodsky State Art MuseumLocated inside Nizhny Novgorod’s ancient Kremlin, the building that houses this art gallery was once the home of the governor of the city. The exhibits are wide-ranging and include everything from 14th century religious icons, to work by 20th century contemporary Russian masters. Particularly dazzling is the collection by Russian painter Nicholas Roerich. There is also a large arts and crafts collection which demonstrates the exquisite handiwork of Russian artisans throughout history. Bolshaya Pokrovskaya StreetThe chkalov staircase. An idyllic spot from which to watch the sun’s rays set over the city, this monumental creation was constructed by the Soviet government and is unique to the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The staircase derives its name from pilot Valery Chkalov who, in 1937, became the first man to fly from Moscow to Vancouver through the North Pole. A monument to Chkalov stands at the top of the stairs. The construction of the staircase cost almost 8 million rubles – an immense sum at the time. Over 1,500 stairs connect the city center with the river embankment – making Chkalov’s landmark the longest flight of stairs along the Volga. Nowadays the staircase is a favorite meeting place and relaxation spot for locals. The Rukavishnikov Estate MuseumThe Rukavishnikovs were a family of immensely wealthy merchants originating from the region around Nizhny Novgorod. This superbly restored palace , their former home, has been transformed into a museum of Russian history and gives a realistic snap-shot of life for the wealthy under tsarist rule. The ornate 19th century interiors and exquisite facade are sure to dazzle with their beauty while the lush green of the surrounding natural landscape provides a tranquil getaway from the city center. Lavish furnishings, priceless antiques, and glistening gold will transport you back in time to a world of balls, carriages, banquets, and tsars. Join the world of Russian noble ladies and gentlemen for a day in this stunning palace. The Sakharov MuseumNizhny Novgorod’s Sakharov Museum is dedicated to dissident Russian scientist Andrei Sakharov . The nuclear physicist and human rights activist was exiled for six years to the very flat in which the museum is now housed. Sakharov’s support for civil reform and improved human rights in the Soviet Union earned him harsh persecution from the Russian government, but also, in 1975, a Nobel Peace Prize . Sakharov was incarcerated here until 1986 when a KGB officer arrived to install a phone in the flat. Just after the phone was installed it began to ring: the caller was Mikhail Gorbachev, ringing Sakharov to inform him of his release. This phone is now one of the museum’s most treasured artifacts. The National Centre of Contemporary ArtInside the walls of Nizhny’s Kremlin can also be found one of the best modern art galleries in Russia. Linked to galleries in both St Petersburg and Moscow, this top-ranking exhibition center houses regularly changing displays of both Russian and international art as well as interactive exhibits and a media library. Progress is also on-going of adding a concert hall, extending the exhibition areas, and creating a restaurant. These additions aim to make art contemporary, not simply a detached, unrelatable concept, but bring it closer to the Russian people. Become a Culture Tripper!Sign up to our newsletter to save up to $1,058 on our unique trips.. See privacy policy . Culture Trip Fall Sale Save up to $1,058 on our unique small-group trips! Limited spots. - Post ID: 384552
- Sponsored? No
- View Payload
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
S# first appeared (that we know of) in TellTales, April 1988, "On a Scale of One to Ten" by A.P. Brooks . The equation incorporates SA/Disp (100% fore triangle) and Disp/length ratios to create a guide to probable boat performance vs. other boats of comparable size. For boats of the same length, generally the higher the S#, the lower the PHRF.
Westphal One-Design is a 28′ 3″ / 8.6 m monohull sailboat designed by David Westphal and built by Westphal Boats Inc. (USA) between 1967 and 1969. Great choice! Your favorites are temporarily saved for this session.
Join Date: Feb 2016. Posts: 3. Re: Westphal. I owned and sailed a Westphal One Design ( Hull #12) in Sag harbor for many years. It was a wonderful boat and we have many fond memories. She was built in 1969 on the Miami river and was one of 20 or so hulls made. I proposed to my wife on that boat!
The Westphal one design is a 28.33ft fractional sloop designed by David Westphal and built in fiberglass between 1967 and 1969. 26 units have been built. The Westphal one design is a light sailboat which is a high performer. It is very stable / stiff and has an excellent righting capability if capsized. It is best suited as a racing boat.
The immersion rate is defined as the weight required to sink the boat a certain level. The immersion rate for Westphal One-Design is about 84 kg/cm, alternatively 470 lbs/inch. Meaning: if you load 84 kg cargo on the boat then it will sink 1 cm. Alternatively, if you load 470 lbs cargo on the boat it will sink 1 inch.
I'm looking to buy a Westphal 28 One - Design that's fairly inexpensive and fairly close to me. But I know absolutely nothing about them. I've read on sailboatdata.com that most were destroyed in a Hurricane in the 80s and that they had a unique stowable tender in the cockpit design but the only pictures I can find of it are two of the bow of the one for sale, and no other information.
Sailboats Designed By David Westphal. Sort by: ... WESTPHAL ONE-DESIGN: 28.33 ft / 8.63 m: 1967: ShipCanvas. KiwiGrip. Bruntons. Rudder Craft. SPW Non-BR. Pelagic Autopilots. Boater's Closet Non-BR. EWOL. bottom ads1 row1. bottom ads2 row1. bottom ads3 row2. Show Favorites
WESTPHAL ONE-DESIGN. More information . Hull. Fin Keel. Rigging. Fractional Sloop ... 3,92 ft i.e. 1,19 m. Construction. Fiberglass. Ballast Type. N/A. Last Built. 26. Maker. N/A. Design. David Westphal. Blue Water Value Rank (BWVR) 5861. Blue Water Surf Value Rank (BWSVR) 5466. Capsize Comfort Value Rank (CCVR) 4003. Capsize Screening Formula ...
Image upload Westphal One Design. All our reviews are 100% dependent of the illustrations and specific data elements we have in our database. In our reviews we would like to illustrate the following: The boat as such; The saloon; The galley; The toilet; The cockpit; For sailboats: The keel; For sailboats: The rig;
"The idea seemed to be that each club must have a distinctive one-design class of its own, a boat especially designed for its particular weather conditions and different from any other one-design class" explained George W. Elder, who bought into a local 22′ Long Island Sound one design in 1914. "In other words a one-design class was ...
2 Sailboats designed by David Westphal. Sailboat. Terrapin 24. 1973 • 24 ′ 6 ″ / 7.5 m Sailboat. Westphal One-Design. 1967 • 28 ...
I have been contacted by 3 people who claimed to be former owners of a Westphal One-design. WESTPHAL ONE-DESIGN sailboat specifications and details on sailboatdata.com 2 of them told me that a substantial part of the fleet were destroyed in a hurricane. I also read the that the first boats had a dinghy or tender integrated into the cockpit design. Since we know that Mr Westphal is still around ...
The immersion rate is defined as the weight required to sink the boat a certain level. The immersion rate for Westphal One Design is about 84 kg/cm, alternatively 470 lbs/inch. Meaning: if you load 84 kg cargo on the boat then it will sink 1 cm. Alternatively, if you load 470 lbs cargo on the boat it will sink 1 inch.
Popular one-design sailboats include Laser, 49er, I-420, and Ideal 18. Some popular multihull one-design boats are A-Cat, Isotope, and Hobie 16. Various one-design boat brands will cater to specific races and sailor's needs in order to provide the best experience. In my experience the Laser is one of the popular one-design brands in existence ...
Show all sailboats for sale under: 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 (feet LOA) | Multihulls: Catamarans Trimarans Sorry: No Sailboats Match Your Query, or the sailboat previously listed under these criteria has now been sold.
US ONE-DESIGN - Sailboats and Sailing gear and equipment by Devoti Sailing, PSA, Melges, Rooster, Topaz, Zhik, McLaughlin, Open Skiff, Gill, CarbonParts, Dynamic Dolly, Velocitek, Harken, Raymarine , US One-Design, Trailex, McLaughlin, and more. Skip to main content. Free Shipping on orders over $150* (exceptions apply)
Your search returned 15807 matches of 106091 sailboats posted to date. Pages: 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124
Located about 400km east of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod is one of the most important centers of cultural, economic, and political activity in European Russia.Widely considered, after St Petersburg and Moscow, to be Russia's 'third city', Nizhny is fast becoming a hot-spot for Russian and global tourists alike, attracted by the city's up-and-coming reputation and stunning landscape.
ONE-DESIGN 35. Carbon mast with twin, swept-back spreaders. As originally delivered for one-design racing, the 1D 35 has no backstay (s). (at hounds or topmast). Rig tension is controlled under way with an hydraulically adjustable fore stay. Dimensions shown here from a sample IRC cert.
Pavlovo. Photo: Алексей Белобородов, CC BY-SA 3.0. Pavlovo, also known as Pavlovo-na-Oke, is a town and the administrative center of Pavlovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Oka River in the northwestern part of the Volga Upland. Pavlovo is situated 4½ km south of Pavlovsky District.
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Best Cottages in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia: See traveler reviews, candid photos and great deals on cottages in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on Tripadvisor.
Nizhny Novgorod (/ ˌ n ɪ ʒ n i ˈ n ɒ v ɡ ə r ɒ d / NIZH-nee NOV-gə-rod; [14] Russian: Нижний Новгород, IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət] ⓘ, lit. 'Lower Newtown'; colloquially shortened to Nizhny) [a] is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia.The city is located at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers in ...