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Interiors by Dawn is a specialized marine upholstery, flooring and design company creating unique space with distinctive looks designed to last. From replicating original looks, adding small modernized touches & details to completely new designs, reimagine those moments aboard while enjoying new upholstery & flooring.

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Marine Upholstery

Whether your boat is due for a complete renovation and design change or you have a minor problem area, Overboard Designs can help! We specialize in marine upholstery ranging from small repairs to full-scale upgrades. Overboard Designs can match original materials exactly or help you find a striking new look and feel for your boat. Our workmanship meets or exceeds the manufacturer’s standards every time. Let us show you just how creative we are!

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10 Custom Boat Upholstery Ideas to Increase Look

Boating enthusiasts know that comfort and style go hand in hand when it comes to enjoying life on the water. Your boat’s upholstery plays a pivotal role in transforming your vessel into a comfortable and visually appealing haven. Whether you’re cruising, fishing, or simply soaking up the sun, custom boat upholstery can elevate your experience to new heights. 

This article serves as your go-to guide for custom boat upholstery ideas. It’s a source of inspiration and practical advice for boat owners looking to revamp or personalize their watercraft. We’ll delve into the significance of custom boat upholstery, helping you make informed choices about materials, design, and maintenance. 

Prepare to explore a world of possibilities, from choosing the perfect fabrics to crafting seating arrangements that maximize comfort and aesthetics. With the right custom boat upholstery, you’ll not only enhance the look of your boat but also create an inviting, cozy atmosphere that keeps you and your guests coming back for more memorable journeys on the water. 

The Impact of Custom Boat Upholstery  

Custom boat upholstery serves as the unsung hero of your watercraft, combining style and practicality to create a more enjoyable and functional boating experience. The impact of thoughtfully selected upholstery is multi-faceted and profound. 

First and foremost, custom boat upholstery elevates the aesthetics of your vessel. It allows you to infuse your personal style and preferences into every nook and cranny, transforming a mundane boat interior into a visually striking and inviting space. Whether you prefer a sleek and modern look or a classic and timeless design, custom upholstery enables you to make a statement. 

Beyond aesthetics, boat upholstery significantly affects comfort. The right materials and cushioning can turn long hours on the water into a pleasurable experience. Custom upholstery allows you to tailor seating arrangements to your specific needs, ensuring that every moment aboard is enjoyable and relaxing. 

Moreover, custom boat upholstery contributes to the durability and longevity of your boat’s interior. Quality materials and craftsmanship can withstand the challenges of the marine environment, protecting against sun, salt, and water exposure. This not only extends the life of your upholstery but also adds to the resale value of your boat. 

In summary, custom boat upholstery isn’t just about looks; it’s about creating a space that reflects your personality, maximizes comfort, and stands the test of time. It’s an investment that pays off in both aesthetics and functionality, ensuring that your boat remains a source of pride and enjoyment for years to come. 

Material Choices for Custom Boat Upholstery  

When it comes to custom boat upholstery, material choices are crucial to achieving the desired look, comfort, and durability. Here are some common materials used for boat upholstery, along with their benefits and considerations: 

Marine-Grade Vinyl:  

• Benefits: Marine vinyl is a top choice for boat upholstery due to its exceptional durability and resistance to water, UV rays, and mildew. It’s easy to clean and maintain, making it ideal for marine environments. 
• Considerations: While marine vinyl is highly durable, it may not offer the same luxurious feel as other materials like leather. However, modern marine vinyl comes in various textures and colors, allowing for aesthetic customization. 
• Benefits: Fabric upholstery offers a softer and more comfortable feel compared to vinyl. It’s available in numerous patterns and colors, providing a wide range of design options. 
• Considerations: Fabrics may require more maintenance to prevent staining and water damage. Special marine-grade fabrics with UV and mildew resistance are recommended for boat use. 
• Benefits: Leather upholstery exudes luxury and sophistication. It’s comfortable, durable, and ages beautifully, developing a unique patina over time. 
• Considerations: Leather can be more susceptible to water damage and requires regular conditioning to maintain its suppleness. It’s best suited for covered or enclosed boat interiors to protect it from direct sun and moisture. 
• Benefits: The type and quality of foam used in boat upholstery greatly affect comfort. High-density foam provides better support and resilience, ensuring long-lasting cushioning. 
• Considerations: Foam should be chosen based on its ability to resist moisture absorption and mold growth, as well as its resistance to compression over time. 

When selecting materials for custom boat upholstery, consider factors like your boat’s intended use, climate conditions, and personal preferences. For open-deck boats exposed to the elements, marine-grade vinyl and specialized fabric are often the top choices due to their durability and resistance to UV rays and water. For enclosed cabins or luxury yachts, leather and plush fabrics can add a touch of elegance. Ultimately, the right material will not only enhance the aesthetics but also contribute to the overall comfort and functionality of your boat’s interior. 

Design Ideas for Custom Boat Upholstery  

Customizing your boat’s upholstery allows you to infuse personality and style into your vessel’s interior. Here are some design ideas and inspirations for boat upholstery customization: 

Nautical Themes:  

• Embrace classic nautical colors like navy blue, white, and red for a timeless and maritime-inspired look. 
• Incorporate nautical patterns such as stripes, anchors, or sailboats into the upholstery for a cohesive theme. 

Tropical Vibes:  

• Create a tropical paradise on your boat with bright and vibrant upholstery colors like turquoise, coral, and sunshine yellow. 
• Consider floral, palm leaf, or seashell patterns for cushions and pillows to evoke a coastal ambiance. 

Neutral Elegance:  

• Achieve a sophisticated and versatile interior by opting for neutral colors like beige, gray, or taupe. 
• Add warmth and texture with subtle patterns, such as herringbone or subtle geometric designs. 

Sporty Aesthetics:  

• For sportier boats, choose bold and energetic colors like red, black, or racing green. 
• Incorporate sport-specific motifs, such as racing stripes or team logos, to showcase your passion. 

Luxury and Opulence:  

• Transform your boat into a floating luxury retreat with rich materials like leather or faux fur. 
• Opt for deep jewel tones like emerald, sapphire, or amethyst for a lavish look. 

Coastal Chic:  

• Capture the essence of coastal living with a soft color palette featuring pastel blues, whites, and sandy tones. 
• Accessorize with rope accents, driftwood finishes, and beach-inspired decor. 

High-Performance Style:  

• Match upholstery to the boat’s performance-oriented design by selecting sleek, modern materials in bold colors like metallic silver or carbon fiber black. 
• Incorporate streamlined patterns for a high-tech appearance. 

Personalized Details:  

• Add personal touches with custom embroidery or monograms on seat cushions and headrests. 
• Include decorative stitching, piping, or quilting to make your upholstery stand out. 

Vintage Revival:  

• Restore the charm of a classic boat with retro upholstery in colors like teal, mustard, or coral. 
• Select vintage-inspired patterns such as polka dots, paisley, or mid-century modern prints. 

Custom Logos and Branding:  

• Showcase your boat’s name or logo on seatbacks and cushions for a distinctive look. 
• Consider color-coordinated graphics that match your boat’s exterior decals. 

When customizing boat upholstery, remember to consider practicality alongside aesthetics. Choose materials that are durable, UV-resistant , and easy to clean to ensure your design remains as beautiful as the day it’s installed. Additionally, coordinate your upholstery choices with other boat elements, such as exterior colors, flooring, and accessories, for a harmonious and visually pleasing overall look. 

Functional Considerations  

Custom boat upholstery isn’t just about aesthetics; it also involves functional considerations to enhance your boating experience. Here are some key functional aspects to keep in mind: 

Ergonomic Seating:  

• Prioritize comfort and ergonomics when designing seating arrangements. Ensure that seats provide proper lumbar support and cushioning for long days on the water. 
• Consider adjustable seating options that allow passengers to find their ideal position. 

Storage Solutions:  

• Maximize the use of space by integrating storage into your upholstery. Built-in compartments under seats, benches, or lounges can hold life jackets, fishing gear, or other essentials. 
• Utilize seatbacks with hidden storage or tackle box inserts for added convenience. 

Convertible Seating:  

• Custom upholstery can create versatile seating arrangements. Explore options for convertible seats that can transform into sun lounges or dining areas. 
• Folding seats and removable cushions allow for quick configuration changes on board. 

Weather Resistance:  

• Boats are exposed to various weather conditions, so choose upholstery materials designed for marine use. Marine-grade vinyl or fabric is ideal due to its resistance to UV rays, moisture, and mildew. 
• Ensure that cushions have adequate drainage to prevent water buildup. 

Quick-Drying Materials:  

• Opt for materials that dry quickly to avoid mold and mildew growth. Proper ventilation and drainage beneath seat cushions help in this regard. 
• Consider using open-cell foam that allows water to pass through rather than becoming trapped. 

Non-Slip Surfaces:  

• Safety is paramount on a boat. Upholstery materials should provide a non-slip surface to prevent accidents, especially in wet conditions. 
• Textured vinyl or non-slip coatings on seating surfaces enhance grip. 

Easy Maintenance:  

• Custom boat upholstery should be easy to clean and maintain. Choose materials that resist stains and are simple to wipe down with mild soap and water. 
• Removable cushions and covers make cleaning more convenient. 

Durability and Longevity:  

• While aesthetics are important, prioritize materials and designs that can withstand the rigors of marine life. Quality stitching and reinforced seams contribute to longevity. 

Color Considerations:  

• Lighter colors can help reflect sunlight and keep seats cooler in hot weather. 
• Darker colors may hide stains better but can absorb more heat. 

Functional Aesthetics:  

• Striking a balance between functionality and aesthetics is key. Consider the practicality of your chosen design elements, patterns, and colors. 

Remember that the functionality of your boat upholstery should align with your boating activities and lifestyle. Whether you prioritize fishing, watersports, cruising, or relaxation, custom upholstery can be tailored to suit your specific needs. When working on functional design, consult with an experienced boat upholstery professional who can offer valuable insights and solutions tailored to your boat’s layout and intended use. 

Maintenance and Care  

Maintaining and caring for custom boat upholstery is essential to ensure its longevity, appearance, and comfort. Here are some key tips for preserving the quality of different upholstery materials commonly used in boats, including vinyl, fabric, and leather: 

Vinyl Upholstery:  

• Regular Cleaning: Wipe down vinyl surfaces with a mild, soapy solution and a soft cloth or sponge. Avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the material. 
• Rinse Thoroughly: After cleaning, rinse with fresh water to remove any soap residue. 
• UV Protection: Apply a marine-grade vinyl protectant or conditioner with UV inhibitors to prevent fading and cracking. Repeat this treatment as needed, typically every few months. 
• Preventing Mold and Mildew: Keep vinyl upholstery dry and well-ventilated. Store cushions in a dry area when not in use, and consider using covers. 
• Stain Removal: Promptly address any stains or spills with a mixture of water and a mild soap or a vinyl cleaner. Avoid using abrasive brushes or scrubbers that can scratch the surface. 

Fabric Upholstery:  

• Vacuum Regularly: Use a vacuum cleaner with an upholstery attachment to remove dust and debris. This prevents particles from grinding into the fabric. 
• Spot Cleaning: Address spills immediately by blotting (not rubbing) with a clean, absorbent cloth. Use a mild fabric cleaner or upholstery shampoo if necessary. 
• Machine Washing: If your boat upholstery covers are removable and machine washable, follow care label instructions and use a gentle cycle with cold water. 
• Sun Protection: Use boat covers or store cushions in a shaded area when not in use to prevent prolonged UV exposure, which can fade and weaken fabric fibers. 
• Mildew Prevention: Proper ventilation and moisture control are crucial to preventing mildew growth. Ensure cushions are completely dry before storing them. 

Leather Upholstery:  

• Dust Removal: Wipe leather surfaces regularly with a clean, dry cloth to remove dust and debris. 
• Conditioning: Apply a leather conditioner specifically formulated for marine use to keep the leather supple and prevent drying and cracking. Frequency depends on exposure to the elements. 
• Stain Prevention: Be cautious with potential staining agents like sunscreen and food. Promptly clean any spills with a damp, clean cloth. 
• UV Protection: Keep leather out of direct sunlight whenever possible to prevent fading and drying. Use boat covers or provide shade. 
• Storage: If your boat will be unused for an extended period, consider removing leather cushions and storing them in a climate-controlled environment. 

Regardless of the upholstery material, it’s important to perform routine inspections for signs of wear, loose seams, or damage. Address any issues promptly to prevent further deterioration. By following these maintenance tips and keeping your custom boat upholstery clean and protected, you can extend its lifespan and enjoy its comfort and appearance for many boating seasons to come. 

Working with Professionals  

Working with professional upholstery specialists for custom boat projects offers several advantages that can enhance the quality and success of your upholstery customization: 

1. Expertise and Experience:  

• Material Selection: Professionals can guide you in choosing the most suitable materials based on your boat’s specific needs, ensuring durability, UV resistance, and comfort. 
• Design Expertise: Experienced specialists can provide design ideas and customization options tailored to your boat’s style and ambiance. 
• Installation Skills: Professional installers have the knowledge and skills to ensure a precise and high-quality installation, which is crucial for the upholstery’s longevity and appearance. 

2. Customization and Personalization:  

• Tailored Solutions: Upholstery specialists can create custom solutions that perfectly fit your boat’s dimensions and layout, optimizing comfort and aesthetics. 
• Unique Designs: Professionals can work with you to bring your design ideas to life, helping you achieve a one-of-a-kind look for your boat. 

3. Time and Cost Efficiency:  

• Efficient Process: Professionals are equipped with the tools and expertise to complete the project efficiently, saving you time and minimizing disruptions. 
• Long-Term Savings: A well-executed professional installation can contribute to the longevity of your boat upholstery, reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements down the line. 

4. Quality Assurance:  

• Guaranteed Work: Reputable upholstery specialists often offer warranties or guarantees on their work, providing peace of mind that any issues will be addressed promptly. 
• Quality Materials: Professionals have access to high-quality marine-grade materials that may not be readily available to consumers. 

When choosing an upholstery specialist for your boat project, consider the following tips: 

• Ask for Recommendations: Seek recommendations from fellow boaters, marinas, or boat dealerships for reputable upholstery professionals in your area. 
• Check Credentials: Verify the specialist’s credentials, certifications, and insurance coverage to ensure they are qualified and reliable. 
• View Past Work: Request to see examples of their previous boat upholstery projects to gauge their quality and craftsmanship. 
• Request Quotes: Obtain quotes from multiple specialists to compare pricing, services, and timelines. 
• Communicate Clearly: Clearly communicate your expectations, design preferences, and budget to the chosen specialist to ensure a successful collaboration. 

Working with professionals can turn your boat upholstery customization project into a seamless and satisfying experience, resulting in a boat interior that not only looks fantastic but also meets the highest standards of comfort and functionality. 

DIY Upholstery Projects  

Embarking on DIY upholstery projects for your boat can be a rewarding endeavor, allowing you to personalize and maintain your watercraft’s interior. Here are some guidelines for boat owners interested in tackling DIY upholstery projects: 

1. Tools and Materials:  

• Upholstery Fabric: Choose marine-grade upholstery fabric suitable for your boat’s interior. Consider factors like UV resistance, moisture resistance, and durability. 
• Foam Padding: Select appropriate foam padding to provide comfort and support for seating and cushions. 
• Upholstery Adhesive: Use marine-grade upholstery adhesive for securing fabric to foam and other surfaces. 
• Upholstery Needles and Thread: Invest in heavy-duty needles and thread designed for upholstery work. 
• Staple Gun and Staples: A staple gun is essential for attaching fabric to wooden or plastic surfaces. 
• Scissors and Fabric Shears: High-quality scissors and fabric shears ensure precise cutting. 
• Pliers and Tack Puller: These tools help remove old staples and upholstery materials. 
• Measuring Tape and Ruler: Accurate measurements are crucial for a well-fitted upholstery job. 
• Safety Gear: Use protective gear like safety glasses and gloves when working with adhesives and sharp tools. 

2. Planning and Preparation:  

• Assess the Project: Carefully evaluate the condition of your boat’s upholstery and identify areas that need repair or enhancement. 
• Design and Measurements: Create a detailed plan with measurements and design sketches to guide your work. 
• Material Selection: Choose fabrics, padding, and colors that complement your boat’s style and ambiance. 
• Workspace: Set up a clean, well-ventilated workspace with adequate lighting for your upholstery project. 
• Safety: Follow safety precautions when working with adhesives and tools, and work in an organized manner to prevent accidents. 

3. Upholstery Techniques:  

• Removing Old Upholstery: Carefully remove old upholstery materials, taking note of the original layout and arrangement. 
• Cutting and Shaping: Use precise cutting techniques to shape fabric and foam to fit the intended areas. 
• Securing Fabric: Apply marine-grade adhesive to secure fabric to foam or other surfaces. Use a staple gun for wood or plastic surfaces. 
• Pleating and Stitching: Learn basic stitching techniques for creating pleats, seams, and decorative details if needed. 
• Finishing Touches: Pay attention to finishing touches like hidden seams and neatly trimmed edges for a professional look. 

4. Practice and Patience:  

• Upholstery can be a skill-intensive task, so don’t be discouraged by initial challenges. Practice on scrap materials before working on your boat. 
• Take your time and exercise patience to achieve precise and clean results. 

5. Maintenance:  

After completing your DIY upholstery project, establish a maintenance routine to ensure the longevity of your work. Regularly clean and protect your upholstery from UV exposure and moisture. 

DIY boat upholstery projects can be a satisfying way to refresh and personalize your boat’s interior. Start with smaller projects, gain experience, and gradually take on more complex tasks as your skills improve. With careful planning and attention to detail, you can achieve professional-looking results while saving on upholstery costs. 

Conclusion and Personalized Elegance  

In conclusion, custom boat upholstery serves as a gateway to personalizing your boat’s interior, enhancing both its style and comfort. Throughout this article, we’ve explored the significance of custom boat upholstery, materials and design choices, functional considerations, and the importance of maintenance. Here’s a recap of the key takeaways: 

• Elevating Style and Comfort: Custom boat upholstery allows you to transform your boat’s interior, reflecting your unique taste and preferences while providing superior comfort. 
• Material Choices: Marine-grade materials such as vinyl, fabric, leather, and foam offer durability, UV resistance, and moisture protection. Select materials that suit your boat’s use and climate conditions. 
• Design Creativity: From color schemes and patterns to ergonomic seating and storage solutions, your imagination can breathe life into your boat’s interior. Consider coordinating upholstery with your boat’s exterior and accessories. 
• Functional Considerations: Think beyond aesthetics. Plan for ergonomic seating, functional storage, and materials that resist moisture and UV damage, especially for boats exposed to water. 
• Maintenance Matters: Regular cleaning, protection from UV exposure, and preventive measures against stains and mildew are crucial to preserving the quality and longevity of your custom boat upholstery. 
• Professional Expertise: Working with experienced upholstery professionals can provide guidance, material selection expertise, and high-quality installation for your custom projects. 
• DIY Projects: If you’re a hands-on boat owner, DIY upholstery projects offer a creative outlet. Start with smaller tasks and gradually take on more complex projects as your skills grow. 

Custom boat upholstery not only adds a touch of elegance and uniqueness to your vessel but also enhances your overall boating experience. By exploring the endless possibilities in upholstery design and materials, boat owners can create a beautiful and comfortable interior space that reflects their personal style. Remember that with proper customization and diligent maintenance, your boat’s interior can remain inviting and elegant for many years of boating enjoyment. 

Share  10 Custom Boat Upholstery Ideas to Increase Look  with your friends and Leave a comment below with your thoughts.

Read Boat Sound System Ideas for Elevate Your Boating Experience until we meet in the next article.

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MARINE UPHOLSTERY

Whether you’re keeping your boat or looking to sell, the upholstery is often the first thing people see and can greatly influence a potential buyer. Nobody wants to purchase a new boat (to them) with old upholstery. Recovering your old upholstery with a new, fresh look is the ultimate way to express yourself and invest in your boat.

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Aftermarket Replacement Vinyl

At The Nautical Needle, we offer new vinyl covers for your MasterCraft interiors. Over the years, we’ve recovered thousands of MasterCraft cushions, backs, motor boxes, side panels, and complete interiors. We have over 300+ patterns for MasterCraft interiors from 1990 to today. Whether it’s one cushion or the complete interior, our staff is happy to assist you. All we need from you is the year and model of your boat, and we’ll take it from there.

Although most of the original vinyl materials are no longer available, we’ll do our best to get the most accurate match on color and texture. We also offer patterns for brands other than MasterCraft – let us know the make and model of your boat and we’ll customize an upholstery solution for you.

For a sample of vinyl, please email [email protected] with the year and model of your boat. We look forward to hearing from you!

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Home » Blog » Live on a boat » Give your boat interior a fresh look

Give your boat interior a fresh look

By Author Fiona McGlynn

Posted on Last updated: August 4, 2023

12 AFFORDABLE BOAT INTERIOR DESIGN IDEAS

When we first moved aboard, our sailboat interior was a mess and we didn’t have the money to update it . We wanted to go cruising and our priorities were things like new sails, rigging, fiberglass repair, and electronics.

As much as I wanted a beautiful boat interior it was impossible to justify hiring an interior designer or updating the upholstery when we didn’t even have a dependable bilge pump! Fortunately, I found some creative boat interior design ideas and was able to makeover our sailboat for next to nothing.

In addition to sharing our boat interior restoration ideas, I’ve included my favorite boat interior photos from Pinterest and Instagram to further stoke your inspiration!

A quick note that this post contains affiliate links (so if you purchase through a link we’ll earn a small commission). The opinions are our own.

1. START BY DEEP CLEANING

As un-fun as it might be, a deep clean is the cheapest way to radically brighten your interior. It’s especially affordable if you use homemade boat cleaners. Dirty boat upholstery, mildewed cabin liners, and salt-encrusted hatches made our boat feel damp, dark, and generally unpleasant.

Deep cleaning (after years of neglect) drastically improved the boat cabin’s appearance and gave me a better idea of where to focus our boat interior makeover.

• Professionally launder your upholstery
• Wipe down the cabin liners with vinegar to prevent mildew and mold
• Wash hatches to maximize natural light
• Clean under all the cabin soles and the edges of any rotting boards
• Wash the walls and treat any wood with the appropriate wax, oil, or varnish
• Scrub out the bilge to prevent that boaty smell.

2. INSTALL INTERIOR BOAT LIGHTS

One of the great challenges of sailboat interior design is lighting. I’ve always felt that living on our sailboat is like living in a basement apartment because it is totally lacking in natural light !

One of the quickest ways to brighten things up is to install marine LED lights. The key to making LED boat lights look great, is placement.

The 3 best places to places to put LED strip lights on a sailboat

1. Under counter lighting. They look especially nice under cupboards or overhangs because the light strip is hidden.

View this post on Instagram < New battery installed! Lights and radio work. There’s LED strip lights which are great, but in the future we may need to swap those out for the multi colored ones. Our house has party-mode, the boat should too! #catalina22 #sailing #boatlife A post shared by SV Buza Sasha (@sv_buza_sasha) on Jul 11, 2018 at 5:18am PDT

2. LED rope lights make great courtesy lights . Tuck strip lighting on either side of a walkway to help guests navigate in the dark.

Battery operated fairy lights look cute coiled in a jar of seashells and are another easy way to add decorative lighting because no wiring is required. For the same reason, Solar Luci lamps and Solar Luci strings are a great option for lighting the cockpit.

3. COZY-UP TO NEW BEDDING

Ditch those damp cotton sheets and invest in hydrophobic options like 100% polyester. If you have a vberth, quarter berth, or non-standard sized bed, you may want to spend a few extra bucks on custom fitted boat sheets.

I know many cruisers who swear by memory foam mattresses and the Hypervent mattress pad for preventing condensation. If you like duvets and comforters, consider a mulberry silk option because it’s mold and mildew resistant.

4. FRESHEN THE HEAD

Add a splash of color to a dark bathroom with cheerful microfiber towels , Or, if you don’t want to feel like you’re camping, try the more luxurious quick-drying Turkish towels .

Tie them in with a cute wall-mounted soap dispenser and a spill-proof whicking air freshener and you’re on your way

5. GO GALLEY GOURMET

• Replace a rusted or dull faucet with a sparkling new one with a pull-down sprayer.
• Splash-out with colorful dish towels
• Use biodegradable loofas and scrubbies instead of plastic
• Pick up non-breakable dishware and glassware in fun patterns and designs.
• Create extra space with chopping board stove and sink covers
• Add custom knife, wine, and spice racks
• Add a green bar to keep greens fresh without a fridge

View this post on Instagram Boat decor #sundance #sailboat #sailboatlife #sailboatlifestyle #1969 #tartansailboat #sailboatinteriordesign #sailboatinteriors #maltetaller A post shared by Sundance Sailboat (@sundancesailboat1969) on Aug 15, 2017 at 5:32pm PDT

6. BOAT INTERIOR UPHOLSTERY IDEAS

Reupholstering a boat is the single most expensive part of a sailboat interior refit but it makes a huge difference. It costs thousands of dollars if you hire someone to do it. Fortunately there are a few tricks we used to avoid a full upholstery overhaul.

• Fun throw cushions and blankets can give your interior new life (and cover stained or threadbare upholstery)
• Packed out seat cushions can be easily fixed by inserting a layer of high-density foam and batting on top of the existing foam.
• If your upholstery is in really bad shape you may want to sew elasticated cushion coverlets that go over the top side of the cushion (it’s also a good way to protect nice new upholstery from boat projects (see: dirt, grease, and sweat stains).
• You can reupholster your boat for a fraction of the cost if you do the sewing yourself. It’s possible to score good deals on durable materials and marine-grade fabrics online. Also, if you’re not a sewer but you’re going cruising, you may want to bring your boat interior fabric with you and have the cushions sewn up in a place like Mexico or Fiji. We eventually had all of our saloon cushions sewn up for $100 USD in Ensenada, Mexico.

If you choose to reupholster your boat, look for boat interior upholstery fabric . You don’t have to worry (as much) about finding a waterproof or UV-resistant fabric (because it will be inside). However, always choose a synthetic fabric , heavy-duty nylon thread, and plastic zippers. Cotton will eventually rot and metal zippers will rust. You can get away with not using marine upholstery but natural fibers are a big no-no!

7. CUT A RUG

8. LOVE YOUR WALLS

Securely fasten art, photos, and souvenirs to your walls. Mirrors are great for creating the illusion of space.

Privacy curtains are also a good way to add a splash of color and are straightforward to make

View this post on Instagram My husband’s an artist…the cat approves 🐙🤣 . . . . . #catvskraken #sailboat #chalk #artist #sailboatinteriors #chalkboardart #kraken #catsofinstagram #meow #liveaboard #fridayvibes #fridaymood #instamoment #talent #husbandskills #saltytails @sv_saltytails A post shared by Erin 🌊🌴⛵🐚👙☉ (@erin_svsaltytails) on Jul 27, 2018 at 2:42pm PDT

View this post on Instagram After all of the sanding, refinishing, painting, ripping out old floors and carpet, we’re really loving our space. There are more projects to do, but we’re enjoying the results so far! When we originally bought our boat back in December, we had enough time to take care of the “must do’s” so this summer we are spending the time to really make her ours! . . . . . . #lightandbright #sailboat #sailboatinteriors #woodwork #overhaul #huntersailboats #cherubini #interiordesign #laboroflove #tinyliving #liveaboard #boatlife #sailors #ourhome #takingabreak #fornow #summerprojects #traveler #travelblog #results #saltytails @sv_saltytails A post shared by Erin 🌊🌴⛵🐚👙☉ (@erin_svsaltytails) on Jul 22, 2018 at 11:27am PDT

9. WHITEN AND BRIGHTEN YOUR SAILBOAT INTERIOR

Painting panels in light colors can brighten and modernize a boat cabin and set off teak trim. We repainted our red and blue fiberglass bathroom white and it made the space feel much bigger. It also makes it easy to clean because you can see the dirt.

View this post on Instagram #beforeandafter #boatrestoration #vintagesailing #menorca #sailing #boat #sailboat #sailboatinteriors #boatinterior A post shared by Velero Vintage en Menorca (@vintagesailing) on May 1, 2018 at 5:02pm PDT

10. STOW SIMPLY WITH CUTE STORAGE SOLUTIONS

Boats are always short on storage space but a few decorative baskets and storage containers can really improve the look of the space while giving you more room to tuck things away.

11. FUN AND FUNCTIONAL WINDOW COVERINGS

12. CHOOSE A FUN FEATURE

Let your imagination run wild. A feature wall, table, or piece of artwork can really change the feel of a sailboat interior. Have fun with colors, patterns, and make your new floating home your own.

View this post on Instagram #sailboat #boatlife #boatlifestyle #sailboatinteriors #ceder #liveedge #boatlifestyle #vancouver #boatinterior #art #windspirit #homesweethome #liveaboard #westcoastliving A post shared by @ arana_arte on Nov 2, 2017 at 9:13am PDT

If you’re still feeling overwhelmed about revamping your sailboat interior you may want to consider hiring professional help . There are plenty of interior designers who would welcome the challenge of working on a boat! Look for someone who has experience designing for small spaces and tiny homes.

We hope you enjoyed this list of custom boat interior ideas…

Good luck with your sailboat makeover.

Fiona McGlynn is an award-winning boating writer who created Waterborne as a place to learn about living aboard and traveling the world by sailboat. She has written for boating magazines including BoatUS, SAIL, Cruising World, and Good Old Boat. She’s also a contributing editor at Good Old Boat and BoatUS Magazine. In 2017, Fiona and her husband completed a 3-year, 13,000-mile voyage from Vancouver to Mexico to Australia on their 35-foot sailboat.

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SERVING THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SINCE 1985!

For more than 30 years, we have provided custom design services, upholstery, carpentry, carpeting, custom bedding, window treatments and many other interior finishes to a wide range of yachts, sail boats & marine applications.

FULL SERVICE

We service the entire Chesapeake Bay Area Boating Community as well as the entire East Coast. We are well known for two things. Our quality of work and customer service!

CUSTOM DESIGN

No matter the size of the space or boat, our experienced design team can maximize your budget and meet your custom design needs.

Trusted Since 1985

With decades of experience, we’ve served thousands of clients all across the Eastern seaboard.

We Can Fix It

Our repair work is done by the finest fabricators in Maryland and comes with a limited lifetime warranty.

VIP Service

All our customers are VIP’s!  We come to you for everything, so sit back, relax and let us do all the work.

We Do It All

Custom designs, upholstery, carpentry, carpeting, custom bedding, window treatments and much more.

When it comes to your boat’s interior, we can do it all!  From full custom interior makeovers to custom upholstery, furniture, bedding, carpeting, window treatments and more.

Blinds, Draperies & More

Upholstery & Furniture

We customized our entire interior, with everything from carpet and bedding to new storage and re-upholstery. Still looks brand new after 6 years! 5 STARS!!!

Christine, We are so excited to be working with you again! The Fleming interior is going to be so beautiful!

Absolutely the best interior company on the east coast. They handle everything and their pricing is very competitive. Thanks for maximizing our storage!

Christine… just a note to say “Thank you” for helping us obtain some fabric for our little improvement. And to let you know how blessed we continue to be with the work you did for us in 2008. It has all held up beautifully and we continue to cruise extensively, happy in our abode! If we buy another boat you will hear from us!

PROUDLY SERVING THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SINCE 1985!

Featured: The Washington Post: High design below decks on local yachts

Glamorous reputation aside, motor yachts are at once confining and liberating. Liberating because, of course, boat owners can charge off to just about anywhere there is water: Maine in summer, the Bahamas in winter… Continue reading

Featured: Annapolis Home Magazine

Working closely with interior designer Christine Roney, owner of Yacht Interiors of Annapolis, and project manager Michael Schoelkopf of Edgewater, Maryland-based Burr Yacht Sales, the owner and his wife have created a floating home that could win a few trophies itself… Continue reading

5 Star Rated By Customers

We don’t just say we’re 5 Start rated, our customers did!  We provide a level of service and quality of product that is unmatched on the eastern shore of Maryand and up and down the east coast for that matter!  All of our products and services are sourced right here in the U.S&#… Continue reading

Any Boat. Any Size.

If you think your boat is too big, or perhaps, too small, don’t fret, we have you covered!  We cater to all boats, types and sizes.  From 10ft row boats, to 100ft custom luxury yachts, we’ve done it all… Continue reading

• TESTIMONIALS

Belina Interiors

Manufacturers of world class yacht interiors, furniture, and metal work..

For over thirty-four years, Belina Interiors has been devoted to building world class luxury yacht interiors.  We offer a complete package of project management, design engineering,  manufacturing and installation.  

We apply our highly skilled artisans from multiple trades, advanced engineering and manufacturing technology, and a culture of personal ownership to engineer, build, and install finished interiors which are true to the designer’s vision. 

As a design/build partner, and full service provider of luxury yacht interiors, we have 70,000 feet of production facilities providing engineering, cabinetry, veneer, finish, metal and upholstery, all staffed with an enormously experienced crew.   

Copyright © 2019 Belina Interiors - All Rights Reserved.

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• Boat Carpet
• Boat Storage
• Custom Canvas Boat Tops & Enclosures
• Canvas Repairs
• Tents & Fabric Structures

Custom Upholstery & Boat Seats

• Awnings & Enclosures – Commercial & Residental
• Commercial & Industrial Sewing
• Curtains, Drapes, & Skirting
• Repair & Maintenance
• What We Offer
• Capabilities
• Tension Fabrics
• Custom Ceilings
• Curtain and Drape
• Installation & On-Site
• - Canvas
• - Upholstery
• - Decking
• - About Us
• - Locations
• - Quote Form
• - Boat Carpet
• - Boat Storage
• - Custom Canvas Boat Tops & Enclosures
• - Car Covers
• - Embroidery
• - Canvas Repairs
• - Tents & Fabric Structures
• - Custom Upholstery & Boat Seats
• - Awnings & Enclosures – Commercial & Residental
• - Commercial & Industrial Sewing
• - Curtains, Drapes, & Skirting
• - Repair & Maintenance
• - Our People
• - What We Offer
• - Capabilities
• - Tension Fabrics
• - Custom Ceilings
• - Curtain and Drape
• - Installation & On-Site

Rotten Wood, Wet Foam & Cracked Vinyl?

Consider boat seat replacement..

Boat seats take a beating in the harsh marine environment and damaged upholstery can make a classic beauty look shabby. Upholstery replacement is the best way to refresh your boat’s profile. From cabin to cockpit, deck to v-bunk, Dockside Canvas Company combines top quality marine grade goods with time honored craftsmanship to outfit your vessel in style.

The upholstery craftsmen at Dockside Canvas Company are among the best in the business. Generations of experience in the time honored tradition of upholstery is exacted on every job and detail. By merging old world convention with contemporary design and materials, it’s no surprise that our work is on view in museums as well as dockside. Whether it’s custom channeling on “Miss Pepsi,” the seat of a priceless 1916 Packard, or the helm seat of your Whaler, the same pride and tradition guides every job we do.

• Boat Seat Repair
• Boat Seat Upholstery
• Cockpit & Deck Seating
• Cooler Cushions
• Custom Logo Embroidery
• Galley & Saloon Seating
• Helm Seat- Captain’s Chair
• Side Panels
• Sun Deck Pads
• V-Bunk Cushions
• Wood Replacement

Marine Upholstery Fabric

• Dryfast: med, firm, xfirm
• Q31 – soft
• Q41 – med
• Q51 – med/firm
• Q61 – Firm

Hardware & Trim

• Stainless Steel Staples
• Starboard – Waterproof replacement for plywood seat base
• Proper venting & drainage

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: The wood on the bottom of my seat is rotten. Can you replace it? A: Yes. Our woodshop has the tools and staff to replicate simple plywood shapes or even complex bench frame structures. However, we strongly recommend replacing the plywood with StarBoard, a plastic waterproof board material. Boats get wet. Wood rots. StarBoard is waterproof.

Q: There is a tear in my seat. Can you fill it or patch it? A: The only way to repair a tear or hole in vinyl or leather properly is to replace the whole panel. It may be patched, however – the stitching, patch or tear will be clearly visible. This will prevent the tear from growing larger and is recommended to stabilize and seal the fabric until proper repairs can be made. Replacing a panel is often a big job; all staples and fasteners must be removed as well as the seat cover. The panel must be carefully removed, a new one patterned and sewn back into the seat cover while taking extreme care to stitch through the previous needle holes so they don’t show up in the finished work. The cover then must be re-installed and re-stapled back onto the board or frame.

Q: Will the fabric of the new panel match? A: No. All fabric rolls have slight variations in color – Dye Lot. Old vinyl has been exposed to the sun-faded. There’s no way to match the color perfectly. We try our best to get real close and in most cases, the color difference is not very noticeable. But be aware, it will not match exactly.

If you’re weighing the options of repairing a tear you may want to consider re-upholstery for the whole seat or even your whole cockpit. How old is it? What’s the nature of the tear? Cracked due to UV breakdown or was it cut. If it’s cracked from wear and weather the rest of your seating will soon follow. Perhaps it’s time to invest in all new upholstery, that way everything will match perfectly.

Q: Re-Upholstery is not cheap. How can I make my upholstery look new for the long haul? A: Check out the care and cleaning link on this site. There are many products that you may buy right now that will add years to the life of your upholstery – 303 Aerospace Protectant, a spray-on UV inhibitor.

Q: Do I need new foam? A: You’ll know your foam has broken down if it does not spring back into shape quickly when pressure is released, the edges become rounded or if it’s simply uncomfortable. Perhaps not: Often the foam still has life and can be re-used. Some people like to change the foam density and replace the med foam in the seats with x-firm. For boats you should always choose DryFast foam. Water drains through it instantly unlike standard upholstery foam which holds moisture like a sponge. Check out this video of a glass of water being dumped onto DryFast and regular foam.

• Boat Accessories
• Where to Buy

Special until September30th: 20% off Git-Rot (all sizes). Use Code SEPT24 at checkout. *restrictions apply

Free ground shipping in the Continental US for any orders over $150!

7 Unique Boat Interior Upholstery Ideas...

7 unique boat interior upholstery ideas.

No matter how much you might try, your boat won’t look and feel like it’s “yours” without the right interior upholstery. And while a nice coat of paint might make a boat look good on the outside, it’s the upholstery that you’ll spend your time with. You might as well get it right! That’s why we’ve put together a list of seven unique boat interior upholstery ideas to liven up your boating experience!

Idea #1: The Vintage Look

“Vintage” boat interior upholstery is great for casual speed boats and fishing boats and often includes plenty of vinyl. A vintage look is great because you can use just about any color you like, including bold primary colors or pastels. You can also have fun with a vintage-style steering wheel that completely changes how it feels to steer.

Idea #2: The Ski-Boat Look

A more “athletic,” and water-proof look, the “Ski-Boat” style means using practical upholstery that’s highly resistant to water, which means it serves a practical purpose as well as an aesthetic one. Here you can incorporate stripes, athletic logos, and keep things sleek and modern.

Idea #3: Laid-Back

This is ideal for pontoon boats, especially since the aesthetic and functionality of the upholstery will so closely match the type of experience you can get from a pontoon. Laid-back upholstery should include wide seating and even practicality—for example, having cupholders ingrained into the upholstery itself will promote a smooth look that’s great for relaxing while out on the lake.

Idea #4: The Contrasting Look

Your boat’s hull is something you need to take into account when redoing the upholstery. Why? Because if you hit the water in a largely green boat and you redo your upholstery in a clashing color, you should be aware of the overall effect it will have on its aesthetic. But you can also choose upholstery colors that deliberately contrast with the outer portion. Try using complementing colors like blue and red, or blue and orange. These can combine for a sporty look that upgrades the entire appearance of your boat—not just the inside.

Idea #5: Subtle & Modern

Many people opt for big, bold colors in their boat interior upholstery when they redo their boats. The problem with this approach is that it can sometimes feel like committing to a particular look. A subtle and modern approach might not be as flashy, but a more minimalistic look (including subdued colors and solid patterns) will tend to hold up better over time.

Idea #6: Sleek & Modern

“Subtle” not doing it for you? You can up the style factor by including some sleek designs with the upholstery including color contrasting and sharp features including stripes. A sleek and modern look can be a lot of fun especially for speed boats, where the style echoes what the boat itself is capable of.

Idea #7: A Mix!

Liquid LifeSeal® Sealant 5.2 fl. oz. Clear

Stainless Steel Cleaner 16 fl. oz.

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Yacht Decor Packages

YACHT DECOR PACKAGES Alfred's Upholstery & Co. specializes in designing and building custom soft goods packages and furniture for the yachting industry and now offers some of these products online. Shop yacht bedding, cushions, pillows, coverlets and more: alfredsupholsteryshop.com Replacement Cushions for Sabre and Back Cove Yacht Models Include:

Sabre yachts.

https://www.sabreyachts.com/

• 38 Salon Express
• 42 Salon Express
• 42 Salon Fly Express
• 45 Salon Express
• 48 Salon Express
• 48 Fly Bridge
• 58 Salon Express

BACK COVE YACHTS

https://www.backcoveyachts.com/

• Back Cove 30
• Back Cove 32
• Back Cove 34
• Back Cove 37
• Downeast 37
• Back Cove 41
• Back Cove 34o

Our Soft Goods Options:

Yacht cushions.

• Custom fit for interior and exterior applications
• Yacht settees, benches, helm seats and cockpit areas
• Marine grade materials and foams
• Specializing in custom shapes and sizes and styling options
• Installation and delivery available

CUSTOM MADE YACHT FURNITURE AND ACCESSORIES

• Design and fabricate for all yacht furniture needs
• Custom upholstered beds, mattresses and headboards
• Wall panels, headliners
• Crew covers for furniture

YACHT BEDDING AND BATH

• Legacy linens, bedspreads, duvet covers, blankets and custom fitted sheet sets
• Custom coverlets
• Mattresses and custom mattress covers
• Pillow shams and accent pillows
• Mattress pads and toppers
• Embroidered linens and towels

WINDOW TREATMENTS

• Custom Drapes, curtains and portlight shades
• Poseidon Blinds and Shades or custom made by Alfred’s Upholstery
• Ocean Air Blinds, hatch shades and roller Shades

DESIGNER FABRICS

• Ultraleather https://www.ultrafabricsinc.com/
• Sunbrella https://www.sunbrella.com/
• Thibaut https://www.thibautdesign.com/
• Perennials https://www.perennialsfabrics.com/
• Legacy Home http://legacylinens.com/
• Link Outdoor https://www.linkoutdoor.com/
• Quadrille http://quadrillefabrics.com/
• Kravet https://www.kravet.com/
• Ralph Lauren https://www.ralphlaurenhome.com/products/Fabric
• Schumacher https://fschumacher.com/catalog/2
• Scalamandre http://www.scalamandre.com
• Pierre Frey http://www.pierrefrey.com/marque/pierrefrey

Alfred’s Upholstery is excited to offer Yacht Decor Packages; a marvelous way to outfit or update your vessel.

Please contact us for more information at: [email protected]

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Marine Upholstery

Enjoy years of lasting comfort on the water with Sunbrella.

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Marine Upholstery Fabrics for Boat Enthusiasts

When boats are your passion, sunbrella knows you never compromise..

Sunbrella marine upholstery fabrics carry the same legendary performance boat enthusiasts have trusted for over 50 years. Durable, fade resistant, stain resistant, and easy to clean, Sunbrella fabrics stand up to life on the water–and the mold, mildew, and salt residue that come with it. From standard marine grade canvas and intricate jacquard fabrics, to the innovative Sunbrella Horizon marine vinyl, Sunbrella has a large collection of beautiful, quality upholstery fabrics to choose from and create a look all your own. Enjoy each voyage on the water with Sunbrella marine upholstery fabrics aboard.

Relax with the comfort and strength of Sunbrella

Sunbrella upholstery fabrics are ideal for many boat upholstery applications, from berth covers and marine cushions to decorative pillows..

Cushions covered in Sunbrella upholstery fabrics provide long-lasting strength, comfort and a distinctive sense of style for boat seating.

Decorative Pillows

The style possibilities are endless with decorative pillows made using Sunbrella fabrics. Our diverse selection of colors, patterns and textures suit anyone’s taste.

Relax at the helm of your boat on a chic, comfortable sunpad made using Sunbrella fabrics.

Berth Covers

Upgrade your cabin with newly upholstered cushions for your V-berth. Sunbrella offers a vast selection of coordinating fabrics that always perform.

Canvas White

View Fabric

Canvas True Blue

UV Protective & Fade Resistant

Durable Sunbrella fibers are saturated to the core with color and UV stabilized pigments, ensuring our fabrics won’t fade or become damaged due to the sun’s harsh rays or normal wear. Sunbrella fabrics, unlike ordinary fabrics, are solution-dyed with rich colors that stay brilliant over time no matter the environment.

Mold & Mildew Resistant

All Sunbrella fabrics are resistant to mold and mildew. Should exposure to dirt, debris, sun lotion, or other environmental elements cause mold or mildew to occur, simply spot clean with a bleach solution.

Stain & Water-Resistant

Sunbrella fabrics are engineered with built-in moisture resistance. With a protective finish that won’t wash away, even after daily use, Sunbrella fabrics stands up to life’s toughest messes.

Easy to Clean

Engineered to maintain their integrity, Sunbrella fabrics are easy to clean. When life happens, blot spills with a clean, dry cloth and use mild soap and warm water to remove. For even the toughest messes, our fabrics are safe to clean with a diluted bleach solution.

Sunbrella fabrics are promise of quality, comfort, and peace of mind. We value making fabrics with complete performance that stand up to everyday life. That’s why Sunbrella is confident in standing behind every fabric with comprehensive warranties, including a 5-year limited warranty for marine upholstery fabrics covering loss of strength or color due to normal usage and exposure.

Discover Sunbrella Horizon ® Marine Vinyl

Sunbrella Horizon marine vinyl is the perfect way to elevate your boat, designed to serve a wide range of marine applications, including passenger seating, captain's chairs, cabin headliners, and sun pads. LEARN MORE

Boat Upholstery Guide: My Top 10 Favorite Boat Upholstery Fabric Picks

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The fabric you use on your home sofa is not the same you can use on a boat. There are some factors you need to consider when looking for boat upholstery. They include the weight of the fabric, weather conditions, aesthetics, and so forth. That said, it may be a challenge to find a fabric that suits your needs. Read on to get the best fabrics and more information on boat upholstery.

Top 10 Boat Upholstery Fabric Picks

Are you looking for the best seat covers or fabric to reupholster your boat? If so, we combined information on the best boat upholstery. Our review is based on information obtained from fans and boat lovers. Through their testimonials and ratings, we were able to come up with the following list of the top boat upholstery.

Bry-Tech Marine 1 White Upholstery Fabric

This particular model is produced by Bry-Tech Distributors which is among the trusted brands when it comes to the supply of marine upholstery. It’s a vinyl material capable of handling all harsh elements in aquatic environments. Apart from withstanding extreme sunlight and moisture, Marine 1 is specifically designed for water-based platforms.

The coated surface repels water making it best for outdoor water use. You can install this heavy-duty material easily by sewing or stapling. It comes with a 1.10 mm thickness and a weight of about 20 ounces per yard. It may be why it has been a favorite when it comes to upholstering boat seats as well as beach house furniture and beach ATVs.

One of the main benefits of this product is its wide range of colors. In case you want to upgrade from a solid color, you can do so by choosing fabrics with carbon fiber or diamond textures. These usually measure 3 x 3 inches. If you are a bit hesitant, you can match them with your upholstery and feel the texture.

If you like the sample, you can get Bry-Tech Marine 1 by the yard, which is 54 inches and 36 inches long. Keep in mind longer yards come in one continuous piece. It means you don’t need to worry about making flawless installations.

One setback of this product is its strong adhesive-like smell. It’s common among vinyl fabrics. What you need to do is to air it out a little before you start working with it. All in all, this is an excellent product because it can tolerate extreme sea pressure and temperature.

• Moisture, sun, and water-resistant
• It features thick and sturdy material
• Easy to install
• Best for indoor and outdoor upholstery
• Wide range of colors
• Strong glue-like smell

Marine Vinyl Fabric

Do you have a passion for marine conservation? If so, this is your ideal choice. The brand is environmentally conscious. Additionally, it’s dedicated to ensure you are protected against scratches, water, mold, and sun exposure.

This fabric is considered a “heavyweight” option. It weighs 28 ounces per linear yard with a thickness of 0.95 mm. The rear part is made of woven polyester fiber while the front is PVC. As a result, a soft finish is created by the fabric while keeping your seats protected with its coating.

There is no need to worry about tear when using this material. The reason is the polyester backing allows it to be shaped firmly around the majority of surfaces. With Marine Vinyl fabric, you are assured of comfort, flexibility, and durability.

One of the reasons why most people love this product is because it’s a family-owned business run by people who love the outdoors. They know what customers want, and as a result, they produce quality products at affordable prices.

There are very few boat upholstery brands that allow a portion of their sales for charities on marine conservation. If you didn’t know, Marine Vinyl is one of them. As an ocean lover, this gives a sense of fulfillment bearing in mind that your purchase contributed to the marine conservancy.

A yard of this product has a width of 54 inches and a length of 36 inches. You can buy 10 yards or longer in one continuous roll. In case you want shorter fabrics, you can get them folded and shipped in a box. Keep in mind this option faces challenges related to removing creases.

To get rid of them, you can use a hairdryer to smoothen out the wrinkles. Alternatively, you can let the fabric sit out in the sun. Within no time, it will reveal that smooth finish you were looking for. That said, Marine Vinyl upholstery fabric is worth your money considering that it’s a customer-friendly brand with admirable advocacy for marine life.

• Resistant to abrasions, mildew, UV rays, and water
• Durable fabric
• It features a soft faux leather texture
• Environment-friendly
• Flexible and durable
• Requires removal of creases

VViVid White Marine Vinyl Fabric

Are you looking for a boat upholstery with a long-lasting freshness even when exposed to dirt and water? If this is the case, your best bet is VViVid Marine Vinyl fabric. It has a simple but clean look. It’s produced by one of the biggest suppliers of vinyl and raw materials in the automotive industry.

The top layer, designed to brave sea conditions, is made from PVC vinyl. This enables the fabric to have a high resistance to scratches, sunlight, and water. To ensure extensive protection throughout the upholstery, its polyester mesh backing can tightly hug the surfaces it covers.

Although VViVid claims to be a heavy-duty material, it feels much lighter than advertised. However, you should not have any problem with that because the material does an excellent job. The solid white color is undoubtedly the best for a pristine boat interior fabric look.

Fortunately, any unpleasant filth can be removed with just a wipe. Compared to thicker materials, this option tends to tear faster. However, its suave texture will leave you speechless. If you want to see how the fabric reacts to tension, try to stretch it out in one direction.

It’s a great option for boat pillows and cushions.

• Lightweight material
• Works perfectly with soft surfaces
• Easy to clean
• Best for the interior
• Easy to tear

Plastex Black Marine Vinyl Fabric

Interior design for watercraft may prove to be an overwhelming challenge. You need to be vigilant when choosing a fabric with ample protection. The process involves a lot of color mixing and matching. Creating a modern boat interior with the Plastex Black Marine Vinyl fabric allows you to keep it simple but elegant.

Most fabric gurus state that you can’t go wrong with black. Therefore, this fabric is best for boaters who struggle with colors. Additionally, it has a faux leather texture making it a sophisticated boat seat material.

Apart from this option offering you substantial protection, it also makes your cabin seem polished. It has a polyester backing with a PVC face, just like the other materials. As a result, the fabric stretches all over your boat seats perfectly.

Compared to the other fabrics, this heavy-duty product is among the best considering it’s lighter. It comes with a weight of about 13 ounces, and a thickness of 1.1 mm. The fact that it’s somehow thick but soft makes it a good fabric for indoor seat covers.

One drawback with the design is that it’s not completely waterproof. However, we recommend the soft material if you plan to just lounge around and watch the water from the confines of your cabin . For a quick and easy pick, look no further! Plastex Black Marine Vinyl fabric is one of the best options in the market.

• Best for indoor seat covers
• Lightweight
• Easy to work with
• The black faux leather finish creates a sleek atmosphere
• Prevents dirt and unwanted stains
• Not completely waterproof

Payless Marine Vinyl Outdoor Upholstery Fabric

This design features a collection of different colors. They vary from basic shades such as navy blue, dark green, black, to other unique colors like lime green, burgundy, turquoise, among many others.

Like the previous products, it’s also made of vinyl which promises long-lasting use in marine environments. You can use this fabric confidently for years to come without having to worry about mold or mildew. To increase durability, the fabric has a light pebble grain with a white knit backing.

The product can be used for various applications. You can use it to make fantastic ottomans, auto interior, or seat cushions. Despite the product handling being exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods, it can also withstand the UV rays. Therefore, it’s ideal for outdoor furniture such as your boat seats.

Looking at the dimension, a yard of this brand has a width of 54 inches. However, we recommend the swatch piece in case you want to test the sample first. With that, you can check and confirm if the quality and color match your boat’s interior well.

Stains can easily be wiped with warm water and mild soap when they get onto the sheet. So, don’t be stressed out when ice cream falls on your fabric-covered boat seat. Some customers prefer a more lightweight version than the current one, though.

• Best for both indoor and outdoor
• It features a variety of colors
• Protects against mold and mildew
• Long-lasting Vinyl material
• It can withstand the adverse effects of UV rays
• Some customers state they would prefer if it was lighter

Bry-Tech Upholstery1 Black Vinyl Fabric

Do you want a fabric that can achieve a monochrome theme? Bry-Tech Upholstery1 Black Vinyl Fabric comes with a delicate and smooth texture making it look and feel expensive. The combination of a polyester underside and a PVC top elevates this boat seat cover to a premium commercial grade.

Apart from black, the product is also available in various colors. To break the monotonous look, you can add a hint of color to your black theme. All in all, black will always be a timeless color that exhibits luxury.

The good thing with this fabric is you don’t need to hire someone from an upholstery shop to install it on your seats. It doesn’t matter how tough it is, working with it is trouble-free. With about 5 yards, you’ll be amazed at the changes you will see. It will have no difference from that of a professional.

The only difference between this fabric and the other Bry-Tech counterparts is it’s less resistant to water and direct sunlight. On the upside, it makes your boat furniture comfier and secure. In short, if you are a boater looking for style, durability, and comfort in your boat interior, consider this product as a viable option.

• Best for boat cabin upholstery
• DIY easy installation
• It features an expensive-looking leather texture
• Offers both comfort and durability
• Available in different colors
• Less resistant to water and sunlight

AquaGuard Teal Marine Vinyl Fabric

AquaGuard Teal Marine Vinyl Fabric is an amazing choice if you are more into light colors. It’s a pop of life that matches the sunny weather at sea. Aside from teal, the product also comes in other dainty shades such as ivory, turquoise, sky blue, and mint.

As light as it may seem, the fabric is tough when it comes to boat seats. Despite weighing 34 ounces, it only has a thickness of 0.95 mm. Note that it is a certified marine-grade product. The fact that it resembles most upholstery fabrics means you can use the product to accessorize not only boat seats but also furniture, shoes, and bags.

What makes it different from other regular vinyl fabrics is the solid protection from water and cuts. Blending polyester materials with PVC allows the waterproof front side to shield the upholstery from heat and abrasions. To prevent the fabric from tearing up, the woven backing provides elasticity.

You may find it bulky to sew meaning you may need to use a thicker needle to get through. However, this fabric is flexible enough with an excellent pull that reaches any curved sides. Its strength guarantees that your seats will stay for a long time.

• Resistant against abrasions, heat, and water
• Flexible and durable material
• Lovely and delightful colors
• Certified marine grade
• Woven backing prevents tears
• Bulky to install

Bry-Tech Pleated Marine Vinyl Fabric

Do you experience challenges when manually folding thick vinyl fabrics to achieve that pleated design? In case you were not aware, Bry-Tech Pleated Marine Vinyl Fabric is one of the best solutions to this problem. The uniquely textured boat seat fabric can withstand heat, mold, and tension.

Akin to the Marine 1 model, this PVC-coated polyester fabric features repellent properties. These properties help protect your boat upholstery from sun and moisture. Apart from this brand being waterproof, it also prevents the formation of molds on surfaces keeping your boat seats safe from stains and mildew.

What makes this product distinctive is its pleated design. In a single yard, the pleats run vertically every 1.5 inches. The material not only fits the backrest upholstery but also gives your boat an elongated appearance.

If you prefer a clean and classic interior, this is the perfect choice for you. You can accent your boat accessories with this textured material, instead of keeping it safe with plain white. Hence, you can use it as an insert in your boat seats which makes them more refined and flawless.

The polyester padding gives this fabric a soft touch, which is a plus considering it has great aesthetics. The mesh backing, which is resistant to molds, provides extra protection against possible smells and mildew stains. So, you don’t have to worry about deep-seated spots growing on your seats.

Though it may seem a bit complicated to sew, it’s straightforward just like other vinyl products you may come across. You just need to measure it across the surface to be covered and fix it there. Get an industrial sewing machine or a professional to prevent any mishaps.

• Prevents tension, heat, mildew, and mold
• It comes with a unique pleated pattern
• Numerous marine-related benefits
• Completely waterproof
• Offers a clean and classic interior
• It may require you to have professional installation

VViVid Grey Weatherproof Vinyl Fabric

If you are torn in between a deep black or a spotless white motif, then opt for the middle ground and pick the VViVid grey weatherproof vinyl fabric. It’s a neutral shade that creates a cool atmosphere that works in tandem with the soothing sounds of the ocean waves.

The leather finish of the PVC side supplements the elegance of the gray color. Note the material works best with pillows, cushions, and chairs. If you didn’t know, it’s one of the softest marine vinyl models we have encountered so far. It features a polyester mesh backing to allow the fabric to drape gracefully over the boat upholstery.

On the other hand, the fabric’s underside is friendly with the material on contact. This means you can easily staple the piece on soft surfaces such as wood . As a result, apart from boat use, it’s also used for restaurant chairs and table covers.

This gray boat seat cover material is spill-proof, similar to its white counterpart. The fabric is a safe pick if you are worried about the imaginary stains in your head. In case of spills, you can clean it with a damp cloth without causing discoloration on the surface.

It however faces some drawbacks. For starters, it’s softer making it slightly different from what is advertised. When close-fitted, some threads may pull and tear the fabric. You can avoid this by first stretching it over the surface with minimal tension before stapling or sewing.

• It comes with a smooth faux leather texture
• Best for boat cushions
• It features a neutral and elegant shade
• Resistant to dirt and water
• When tightly installed it tends to tear

Sunbrella Black Canvas Fabric

All the previous models feature PVC vinyl. Unfortunately, some users may not be fond of it as it seems a little synthetic, giving off an industrial vibe. Would you like to make your cabin homey? If yes, then get hold of the Sunbrella Black Canvas Fabric.

The fabric is not only a durable commercial-grade product, but it’s also an amazing option capable of withstanding harsh sunlight without fading its rich color. It’s ideal for a boater planning to decorate his cabin with beautiful drapery, throw pillows, and seat cushions. The product lives up to its creative name on sun proofing.

Boat lovers can also use this acrylic material for their outdoor boat deck seat covers. It’s ideal for resisting heat and moisture, hence preventing the growth of molds on the surface. However, to maintain the quality of the fabric, seats should be stored indoors after use.

Even though this marine upholstery fabric has a soft flow with a sturdy grip, it’s still a medium-weight product. It can uphold the integrity of your boat sails by effortlessly facing strong winds together with the harsh sun.

One setback of the fabric is its cleaning and maintenance requirements. Contrary to the other products, it may require brushing and soaking depending on the dirt level and stain buildup. To maintain the quality, it needs a regular care routine.

• UV resistant
• Softer compared to vinyl fabrics
• Moisture and heat resistant
• It may require washing or light brushing to clean

Boat Upholstery Buying Guide

There are several crucial factors you need to look at before you buy a boat upholstery fabric. Having read the above product reviews, it’s time to know the different features to consider.

When choosing a boat interior upholstery fabric, the most important consideration is the material. The 3 common upholstery materials are vinyl, mesh, and acrylic.

To add durability, acrylic upholstery is made of laminated fabric which is waterproof and fire-resistant. However, it’s not very versatile. In case you want to install the upholstery DIY style, this is a hard material to work with.

Mesh, which is a popular boat upholstery fabric, is the most visually appealing choice among the other options. Even though it may be expensive, it’s durable and water-resistant. The good thing is it offers plenty of choices in terms of design.

Another common boat seat upholstery material is vinyl. It’s a favorite to the majority of boat lovers. The reason is despite it being affordable it’s also versatile, unlike acrylic. There are numerous options available for various designs even though there are 2 types of vinyl you should know about.

Polyvinyl chloride, which is also known as expanded vinyl, is the best for boat seats. The material is not easily damaged and it’s also resistant to mold and mildew. Vinyl/polyester is the second type of vinyl. It’s a combination of polyester and vinyl. Similar to expanded vinyl, it’s also resistant to mold and mildew.

There are 3 major standard grades for boat fabrics in case you didn’t know. They include lightweight, marine-grade, and commercial-grade.

Lightweight fabrics are ordinary materials. They are not suitable for boats not unless you use them as boat seat fabric. Mold and mildew are a big problem because people might sit directly on the seats after coming from a swim.

If you want a boat fabric ideal for both interior and exterior, pick the marine-grade options. The material is specifically designed to protect your boat upholstery from typical problems subjected to your fabric when used on interior and exterior surfaces.

Commercial grade fabrics are durable and water-resistant just like marine-grade. The only difference is their texture and thickness. Commercial grades have a typical thickness of 1/8 inches, which allows them to have a more foam-like texture.

If you are a serious boater, you need to consider either marine-grade or commercial grade for your marine upholstery fabric. Commercial grade is the best for those boaters who prefer a thicker and more bouncy fabric.

Water Resistance

It’s vital to pick a water-resistant material for boat seats because boats will be in the water most of the time. However, there’s a difference between a water-resistant and waterproof material. Water-resistant material is resistant to water to a certain extent, while a waterproof material doesn’t allow water to penetrate at all.

Weatherproof

When it comes to choosing marine upholstery fabric, weatherproof is another important feature to consider. It’s very critical for a material to be weatherproof, especially if it will be used on the boat’s exterior.

It’s good you differentiate between weatherproof, water-resistant, and waterproof features. Weatherproof focuses more on the fabric’s capacity to withstand varying weather conditions such as extreme heat or heavy rains. If your marine upholstery is not weatherproof, it may be prone to discoloration.

Boat Upholstery FAQs

Answer : Expanded vinyl. It can be coated with antimicrobial chemicals to help resist mold and mildew. Use this fabric for your boat seats and cushions. You will not regret this choice.

Answer : Yes, it is. If well installed and taken care of, it can last up to about 20 years. However, it’s not more durable than leather.

Answer : No. But marine vinyl is waterproof. It’s specifically constructed to withstand the harsh elements found in fresh or salty water

Answer : First, prepare a solution of a gallon of water with a ¼ cup of mild soap. Then use a sponge to wipe the vinyl in a circular motion. Finally, to remove excess soap, rinse your seats with clean water and a clean cloth.

Bottom Line

A good choice for your boat upholstery is important. Check out the list above to find one that suits your requirements. The 10 products come with different features to suit your preferences. In case you don’t see one you like, check out our buying guide. Everything you need to know before buying a boat upholstery fabric is listed here.

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Interior Upholstery- Cushion replacement

• Thread starter olly_love
• Start date Friday at 10:38
• Friday at 10:38

We are looking for a reasonable price for a set of 36ft boat cushions, ( fwd & aft berths and saloon) we have had a few mad quotes for basic flat cushions. our foam is all ok but the cushions are vinyl and we want them as cloth. ideally south coast based.  

• Friday at 10:51

Well-known member

Can not give you local recommendations but we took our boat cushions to a furniture upholsterer in the next village for recovering. She added zips so we can take off and wash the covers. May be more realistic than a "marine" business.  

• Friday at 10:56

Steve at Trimming and Upholstery Services in Southampton | SEW Trim did at great job of replacing all of the covers on mine  

• Friday at 11:02

olly_love said: mad quotes Click to expand...

• Friday at 11:10

Thanks for the suggestion, We have had anything from 4-8k quoted at the moment, I appreciate that decent closed cell foam is expensive, but trying to gauge the costs at the moment  

• Friday at 11:13

8k is madness for sure, although Shipshape might get up there if making mattresses  

• Friday at 11:30

olly_love said: Thanks for the suggestion, We have had anything from 4-8k quoted at the moment, I appreciate that decent closed cell foam is expensive, but trying to gauge the costs at the moment Click to expand...

Attachments

• Friday at 11:37

Active member

A happy Sewtrim customer here. However Steve has warmed me when I need to replace the sculpted foam backs and faux leather trim it will be expensive!  

I used to do upholstery in Scotland until a couple of years ago. I will be starting up again when we move to Cornwall soon, near St Austell. I have a basic charge of £80 plus material for a standard cushion without piping, £95 with piping. Fabric is usually between £30 - £50 per metre and a cushion might take 2m, so ball park £180 per cushion. I did a lot of the 30-40' charter boats and a saloon might be around £2.5k. Obviously new foam bumps it up quite a bit. That might sound cheap but it gives me £40 per hour and probably £500 markup on fabric for a typical boat.  

• Friday at 12:30

To give you a better idea Steve at Sewtrim charged me just over £3k in 2021 to recover all of the cushions on my Moody 36 including new foam for three of the seat bases and the chart table seat..so that's 2 x double berths, 1 x single berth, 2 infills, the chart table seat and 10 saloon cushions with most being shaped rather than flat. I'm sure it would cost more now but I'd use him again with hesitation  

• Friday at 12:42

The only thing I would add is not to go too cheap on the fabric. I have had times where a beer has been split on board... I've taken the cushion out onto the pontoon... hosed it down.. then not long later it's dried off and back on board. I must have water (or beer) repellent fabric..  

• Friday at 14:21

ash2020 said: I used to do upholstery in Scotland until a couple of years ago. I will be starting up again when we move to Cornwall soon, near St Austell. I have a basic charge of £80 plus material for a standard cushion without piping, £95 with piping. Fabric is usually between £30 - £50 per metre and a cushion might take 2m, so ball park £180 per cushion. I did a lot of the 30-40' charter boats and a saloon might be around £2.5k. Obviously new foam bumps it up quite a bit. That might sound cheap but it gives me £40 per hour and probably £500 markup on fabric for a typical boat. Click to expand...

• Friday at 17:26

If you can't find anyone I can make them for you at a sensible price but you'll need to get the foam to me. Near J27 M5.  

• Friday at 22:04

jane444blue

Go to Vince at Sputh Coast Furnishings for a quote. Tried lots before finding him by recommendation, price great, quality great. Based at Royal Clarence Marina  

• Friday at 23:43

Or get a singer and make your own. these and another four. under £300 Steveeasy  

• Saturday at 00:23

It is not a difficult job to do yourself. Go to a fabric shop and pick out what material you want. get a sewing machine and thread. I prefer velcro type fastening the back. ol'will  

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Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg [lower-alpha 1] is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District , Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia , with a population of roughly 1.5   million residents, [14] up to 2.2   million residents in the urban agglomeration. Yekaterinburg is the fourth-largest city in Russia, the largest city in the Ural Federal District, and one of Russia's main cultural and industrial centres. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the "Third capital of Russia", as it is ranked third by the size of its economy, culture, transportation and tourism. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Imperial era

Contemporary era, demographics, administrative districts, administration, living costs and the labor market, finance and business, retail and services, transportation, public transit, media and telecommunications, life and culture, architecture, international relations, bric summit, twin towns – sister cities, notable people, bibliography, external links.

Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Orthodox name of Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska), the wife of Russian Emperor Peter the Great . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia. In 1781, Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the historical Siberian Route through the city. [3] Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources. In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after the Russian SFSR founded the Soviet Union , the city was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. On 23 September 1991 the city returned to its historical name.

Yekaterinburg is one of Russia's most important economic centres and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The city is currently experiencing an economic and population boom, which resulted in some of the tallest skyscrapers of Russia being located in the city. Yekaterinburg is home to the headquarters of the Central Military District of the Russian Armed Forces , as well as the presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

Yekaterinburg is famous for its constructivist architecture [19] [20] [21] and is also considered the "Russian capital of street art ". [22] [23] [24]

The area was settled in prehistory. The earliest settlements date to 8000–7000   BC, in the Mesolithic period . The Isetskoe Pravoberezhnoye I archaeological site contains a Neolithic settlement dated to 6000–5000   BC. It includes stone processing workshops with artefacts such as grinding plates, anvils, clumps of rock, tools, and finished products. Over 50 different types of rock and minerals were used in tool making, indicating extensive knowledge of the region's natural resources. The Gamayun peninsula (left bank of the Verkh-Isetsky Pond) has archaeological findings from the Chalcolithic Period : workshops for producing stone tools (upper area) and two dwellings of the Ayat culture (lower area). There are also traces of the Koptyak culture from 2000   BC: dishes decorated with bird images and evidence of metallurgical production. The Tent I site contains the only Koptyak culture burials discovered in the Ural Mountains . In the Bronze Age , the people of Gamayun culture lived in the area. They left fragments of ceramics, weapons, and ornaments. [25] [26] [27]

Archaeological artifacts in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg were first discovered during railway construction, at the end of the 19th century. Excavation and research began in the 20th century. Artifacts are held at the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore , at the Hermitage , at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, and at other museums. [26]

The first Russian settlements within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg appeared in the second half of the 17th century — in 1672, an Old Believers village arose in the area of Shartash lake [28] (this fact is disputed by historians, since no evidence of the founding of the village at that time was found in the sources), [29] and in 1680 – 1682, the villages of Nizhny and Verkhny Uktus appeared on the banks of Uktus River (now the territory of the Chkalovsky district of the city). [30] In 1702, by the initiative of the head of Sibirskiy prikaz Andrew Vinius , the Uktus state ironwork plant was founded near Nizhny Uktus — the first ironworks within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg. [31] In 1704, the Shuvakish ironworks was built (now the territory of the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city). [28] With the beginning of active construction of factories in the Urals in the 18th century, relations with their southern neighbors, the Bashkirs , became strained. As a result of the Bashkir raid in 1709, the village of Verkhny Uktus was devastated, all buildings, including the wooden church and chapel, were burned, the residents fled to the protection of the Uktus plant fortifications. [30] On the night of 5 April 1718, a fire destroyed all the factory buildings of the Uktus plant, except for the dam, and the plant was restored only by 1720 under the supervision of Timofey Burtsev. [32] However, the plant did not receive further development due to the lack of water in Uktus river.

In 1720, by decree of Peter I , a delegation led by mining specialist Johann Blüher and statesman Vasily Tatishchev was sent to the Urals . [33] They were entrusted with managing the mining industry, identifying the causes of the collapse and reduction of production at state-owned factories. [33] On 29 December 1720, [33] Tatishchev and Blüher arrive at the Uktus plant, which became their main residence in the Urals. As a result of familiarizing himself with the state of nearby state-owned factories, Tatishchev came to the conclusion that on the basis of these factories, even if they were reconstructed and expanded, it would not be possible to quickly increase the production of iron, and it would be more profitable to build a new large plant. After inspecting the immediate area, together with the commissary of the Uktus plant, Timofey Burtsev, a place rich in ore and forest was chosen on the banks of the more full-flowing Iset River , 7 versts from Uktus. [33] On 6 February 1721, Tatishchev sent a message to the Collegium of Mining , in which he asked permission to begin construction of the plant, with detailed explanations and justification for this project. [33] On 1 March 1721, without waiting for a response from the Collegium, Tatishchev began construction of the new plant, [28] but he failed to convince Collegium, and by the Collegium decree of 10 December 1721, he was removed from the leadership of mining affairs in the Urals. [28] In 1722, by decree of Peter the Great, a mining engineer, Major General Georg Wilhelm de Gennin , was sent to the Urals in place of Tatishchev. Having studied all the circumstances, de Gennin fully supported Tatishchev’s project, and on 12 March 1723, construction of the plant on Iset resumed. [28]

Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev and Russian engineer Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg with the construction of a massive iron-making plant under the decree of Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1723. [34] They named the city after the emperor's wife, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine   I . [2] Officially, the city's founding date is 18 November 1723, when the shops carried out a test run of the bloomery for trip hammers. [2] The plant was commissioned 6 days later, on 24 November. [35] 1723 also saw the establishment of Yekaterinburg fortress , which would encompass many of the settlement's earliest buildings. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak very vividly described the beginning of the construction of a mining plant and a fortress: "Imagine completely deserted banks of the Iset river, covered with forest. In the spring of 1723, soldiers from Tobolsk, peasants of the assigned settlements, hired craftsmen appeared, and everything around came to life, as if by the dictates of a fairy tale. They dropped the forest, prepared a place for the dam, laid blast furnaces, raised the rampart, set up barracks and houses for the authorities... ". [36]

In 1722–1726 the Verkhne-Uktussky mining plant was built, [37] which was officially called the plant of the princess Elizabeth (the future village of Elizabeth, or Elizavetinskoe) and became a part of modern Yekaterinburg in 1934. [38] In 1726, Wilhelm de Gennin founded an auxiliary Verkh-Isetsky plant with a working settlement 2 versts from Yekaterinburg upstream ('verkh' in Russian) the Iset River. [39] The plant's dam formed the Verkh-Isetsky pond. Colloquially called by the Russian acronym VIZ, it was a satellite town until in 1926, with a population of over 20,000 people by this time, it was incorporated into Yekaterinburg as the core of the Verkh-Isetsky district. [39]

Yekaterinburg was one of the industrial cities of Russia prompted at the beginning of the 18th century by decrees of Tsar Peter the Great which demanded the development of the metalworking industry. With extensive use of iron, the city was built to a regular square plan with ironworks and residential buildings at the centre. These were surrounded by fortified walls so that Yekaterinburg was at the same time both a manufacturing centre and a fortress at the frontier between Europe and Asia. It, therefore, found itself at the heart of Russia's strategy for further development of the entire Ural region. The so-called Siberian Route became operational in 1763 and placed the city on an increasingly important transit route, which led to its development as a focus of trade and commerce between east and west, and gave rise to the description of the city as the "window to Asia". With the growth in trade and the city's administrative importance, the ironworks became less critical, and the more important buildings were increasingly built using expensive stone. Small manufacturing and trading businesses proliferated. In 1781 Russia's empress, Catherine the Great, granted Yekaterinburg town status and nominated it as the administrative centre for the wider region within Perm Governorate . [3] In 1807, the role of the capital of the mining and smelting region was confirmed by assigning it the status of the only "mountain city" in Russia. Until 1863, Yekaterinburg remained subordinate to the head of the mining plants of the Ural ridge , the minister of finance and personally to the emperor, and enjoyed considerable freedom from the governor's power. Since the 1830s, mountainous Yekaterinburg has become the center of mechanical engineering. [36]

In 1820–1845, 45% of the world's gold was mined in Yekaterinburg. This is the first ever "Gold Rush". [40] Until 1876, 80% of the coins in circulation in the Russian Empire were produced at the Yekaterinburg mint. [41]

Following the October Revolution , the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II was sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In July 1918, the Czechoslovak Legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. In the early hours of the morning of 17 July, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra , and their children Grand Duchesses Olga , Tatiana , Maria , Anastasia , and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city. [42] [43] The city remained under the control of the White movement in which a provisional government was established. The Red Army took back the city and restored Soviet authority on 14 July 1919. [44] [45]

In the years following the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War , political authority of the Urals was transferred from Perm to Yekaterinburg. On 19 October 1920, Yekaterinburg established its first university, the Ural State University , as well as polytechnic, pedagogical, and medical institutions under the decree of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin . Enterprises in the city ravaged by the war were nationalised, including: the Metalist (formerly Yates) Plant, the Verkh-Isetsky (formerly Yakovleva) Plant, and the Lenin flax-spinning factory (formerly Makarov). In 1924, the city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . [46] [28] [44]

By the 1934, following a series of administrative reforms carried by the early Soviet government, the earliest Russian settlements which predated Yekaterinburg and laid the basis of its founding, were incorporated into the city proper. [38] [47]

During the reign of Stalin, Sverdlovsk was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a centre of heavy industry. Old factories were reconstructed and new large factories were built, especially those specialised in machine-building and metalworking. These plants included Magnitogorsk and the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk oblast , and Uralmash in Sverdlovsk. During this time, the population of Sverdlovsk tripled in size, and it became one of the fastest-growing cities of the Soviet Union. At that time, very large powers were given to the regional authorities. By the end of the 1930s, there were 140 industrial enterprises, 25 research institutes, and 12 higher education institutions in Sverdlovsk. [48] [49]

During World War II, the city became the headquarters of the Ural Military District on the basis of which more than 500 different military units and formations were formed, including the 22nd Army and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps. Uralmash became the main production site for armoured vehicles. Many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Sverdlovsk away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Sverdlovsk after the victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Sverdlovsk in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945. [50] In the postwar years, new industrial and agricultural enterprises were put into operation and massive housing construction began. [51] [44] The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Sverdlovsk sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of Nikita Khrushchev 's government. [52] In 1977, Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin in accordance to a resolution from the Politburo in order to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists . Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998. [53] There was an anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility . [54]

During the 1991 coup d'état attempt , Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a temporary reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in case Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time. [55] Shortly after the failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 23 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre, kept its name. [56] [57]

In the 2000s, an intensive growth of trade, business, and tourism began in Yekaterinburg. In 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder negotiated in Yekaterinburg. On 15–17 June 2009, the SCO and BRIC summits were held in Yekaterinburg, which greatly improved the economic, cultural, and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. [58]

In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted the inaugural University International Sports Festival in 2023. [59]

Geographically, Yekaterinburg is in North Asia, close to the Ural Mountains (which divide Europe from Asia), 1,667   km (1,036   mi) east of the nation's capital Moscow.

The city has a total area of 1,111   km 2 (429   sq   mi) .

Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Urals. The city is surrounded by wooded hills, partially cultivated for agricultural purposes. Yekaterinburg is located on a natural watershed, so there would be many bodies of water close and in the city. The city is bisected by the Iset River , which flows from the Urals into the Tobol River . There are two lakes in the city, Lake Shuvakish and Lake Shartash. The city borders Verkh-Isetskiy Pond, through which the Iset River flows. Lake Isetskoye and Lake Baltym are both near the city, with Lake Isetskoye located near Sredneuralsk , and Lake Baltym located near the towns of Sanatornyy and Baltym.

Yekaterinburg uses the Yekaterinburg Time, which is five hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5), and two hours ahead of Moscow Time . [60]

The city possesses a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) under the Köppen climate classification . [61] It is characterised by sharp variability in weather conditions, with well-marked seasons. The Ural Mountains, despite their insignificant height, block air from the west, from the European part of Russia. As a result, the Central Urals are open to the invasion of cold arctic air and continental air from the West Siberian Plain. Equally, warm air masses from the Caspian Sea and the deserts of Central Asia can freely penetrate from the south. Therefore, the weather in Yekaterinburg is characterised by sharp temperature fluctuations and weather anomalies: in winter, from frost at −40   °C to thaw and rain; in summer, from frosts to temperatures above 35   °C (95   °F) . [61]

The distribution of precipitation is determined by the circulation of air masses, relief, and air temperatures. The main part of the precipitation is brought by cyclones with a western air mass transfer, that is, from the European part of Russia, while their average annual amount is 601   mm. The maximum falls on a warm season, during which about 60–70% of the annual amount falls. For the winter period is characterized by snow cover with an average capacity of 40–50   cm. The coefficient of moistening(the ratio of yearly precipitation and potential evaporation ) – 1. [61]

• The average temperature in January is −12.6   °C (9.3   °F) . The record minimum temperature is −44.6   °C (−48.3   °F) (6 January 1915);
• The average July temperature is 18.9   °C (66.0   °F) . The record maximum temperature is 40.0   °C (104.0   °F) (11 July 2023);
• The average annual temperature is 2.1   °C (35.8   °F) ;
• The average annual wind speed is 2.9   m/s (10   km/h; 6.5   mph) ;
• The average annual humidity is 75%;
• The average annual precipitation is 534   mm (21.0   in) ;

According to the results of the 2021 Census , the population of Yekaterinburg was 1,544,376 ; [64] up from 1,349,772 recorded in the 2010 Census . [7]

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Yekaterinburg was: [65]

Christianity is the predominant religion in the city, of which most are adherents to the Russian Orthodox Church. The Yekaterinburg and Verkhotursky diocese is located in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in the city. Other religions practised in Yekaterinburg include Islam , Old Believers , Catholicism , Protestantism , and Judaism .

Yekaterinburg has a significant Muslim community, but it suffers from a lack of worship space: there are only two small mosques . Another mosque was built in the nearby city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma . On 24 November 2007, the first stone was laid in the construction of a large Cathedral Mosque with four minarets , and space for 2,500 parishioners in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral and a synagogue , thus forming the "area of the three religions". [66] The mosque was planned to be built for the SCO summit, but due to funding problems, construction did not move from zero and is now frozen.

Construction of a Methodist church started in 1992, and with the help of American donations, finished in 2001. [67] A synagogue was opened in 2005, on the same place a 19th-century synagogue was demolished in 1962.

Most of the city's religious buildings were destroyed during the Soviet era, in addition to the synagogue, the three largest Orthodox churches in Yekaterinburg were demolished – the Epiphany Cathedral, the Ekaterininsky Cathedral, and the Great Zlatoust Church . Other Christian churches such as the Lutheran Church of Yekaterinburg and the Roman Catholic Church of St. Anne (a new Catholic St. Anne's Church was built in 2000) were demolished as well. Other churches were used as warehouses and industrial sites. The only religious building in Yekaterinburg in the Soviet era was the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. Recently, some churches are being rebuilt. Since 2006, according to the surviving drawings, the Great Zlatoust Church was restored in 2012. On 17 April 2010, the city was visited by Patriarch Kirill . [68]

Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast . [1] Within the framework of the administrative divisions , it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities , incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg, [9] an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug. [10]

Each district is not a municipal formation, and the historical centre of the city is divided into five inner-city districts (except Chkalovsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky).

A district named Akademicheskiy was formed from the parts of Leninsky and Verkh-Isetsky districts on 3 January 2020. [70] On 1 October 2021, more settlements were transferred from Verkh-Isetsky to Akademicheskiy district. [71]

The Charter of Yekaterinburg establishes a four-link system for the organisation of local authorities, which includes: the Head of Yekaterinburg, who serves as the chairman of the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, and the Chamber of Accounts. [74]

According to the charter of Yekaterinburg, the highest official of the municipal formation is the mayor of Yekaterinburg. The mayor is elected by universal suffrage, but since 3 April 2018, the procedure for direct elections of the mayor of the City of Yekaterinburg was abolished. The mayor of the city is endowed with representative powers and powers to organize activities and guide the activities of the City Duma. In addition, the mayor of the city exercises other powers such as concluding a contract with the head of the city administration and ensuring compliance with the Russian Constitution, Russian legislation, the city charter, and other normative acts. [75] [76]

In the event of a temporary absence of the mayor of Yekaterinburg, his authority under his written order is exercised by the deputy mayor of Yekaterinburg. [77]

The representative body of the municipal formation is the Yekaterinburg City Duma, which represents the city's entire population. The membership of the Duma is 36 deputies (18 deputies were elected in single-mandate constituencies and 18 in a single electoral district). Residents of the city elect deputies on the basis of universal suffrage for a period of 5 years. [74]

The executive and administrative body of the municipal formation is the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, led by the head of the Administration, currently held by Aleksandr Yacob. The administration is endowed with its own powers to resolve issues of local importance, but it is under the control and accountable to the Yekaterinburg City Duma. The building of the Administration of Yekaterinburg is located on 1905 Square . [76]

The Chamber of Accounts is a permanently operating body of external municipal financial control. The Chamber is formed by the apparatus of the City Duma and is accountable to it. The Chamber consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, auditors and staff. The structure and number of staff of the chamber, including the number of auditors, is determined by the decision of the City Duma. The term of office of the Chamber staff is 5 years. The Chamber of Accounts is a legal entity. [77]

In accordance with the regional charter, Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of the Sverdlovsk Oblast. [1] The executive power is exercised by the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, the legislative power by the legislative assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the judicial power by the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, located in the building of the Palace of Justice. [78] The building serving the regional government is the White House and the building serving the legislative assembly is located next to it on October Square. The ministries of the Sverdlovsk Region are located in the building of the regional government, as well as in other separate buildings of the city. [79]

Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Ural Federal District. As a result, it serves as the residence of the presidential envoy , the highest official of the district and part of the administration of the President of Russia. The residence is located the building of the regional government on October Square near the Iset River embankment.

In addition, Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Central Military District and more than 30 territorial branches of the federal executive bodies, whose jurisdiction extends not only to Sverdlovsk Oblast, but also to other regions in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and the Volga Region.

According to the results of the September 2013 elections, the mayor of the city was Yevgeny Roizman , nominated by the Civil Platform party. Out of the 36 seats in the City Duma, 21 belong to United Russia , 7 to A Just Russia , 3 to the Civil Platform, 2 to the Communist Party and 1 seat to the LDPR . The turnout in the mayoral elections was 33.57%. [80]

It was the last popular vote in Yekaterinburg. Since 2018, there have been no elections, but a vote in the Municipal Duma. On 25 September 2018 the majority of the representatives in the Duma voted in favour of the Vice-Governor of Sverdlovsk oblast, Alexander Vysokinskiy.

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest economic centres in Russia. It is included in the City-600 list (it unites the 600 largest cities in the world that produce 60% of global GDP), compiled by the McKinsey Global Institute, a research organisation. In 2010, the consulting company estimated the gross product of Yekaterinburg to be about $19   billion (according to the calculations of the company, it should grow to $40   billion by 2025). [82] [83]

By volume of the economy, Yekaterinburg ranks third in the country, after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to a research of the Institute for Urban Economics, in the ranking of the largest cities and regional capital cities according to economic standards for 2015, Yekaterinburg ranked third. The city's gross urban product (GVP) was 898   billion rubles. Per capita GDP was 621.0 thousand rubles (18th place). [84] In 2015, the gross urban product of the Yekaterinburg metropolitan area amounted to 50.7   billion international dollars (the fourth place in the country) or 25.4 thousand international dollars in terms of per inhabitant of the metropolitan area. [85]

In the Soviet era, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) was a purely industrial city, with a share of industry in the economy of 90% (of which 90% were in defense production). With Chelyabinsk and Perm, the three cities formed what to be the Urals industrial hub. [86]

The former head of Yekaterinburg, Arkady Chernetsky, has set the goal of diversifying the city's economy, which has resulted in the development of sectors such as warehousing, transportation, logistics, telecommunications, financial sector, wholesale and retail trade, etc. in Yekaterinburg. [86] Economist-geographer Natalia Zubarevich points out that at the present stage, Yekaterinburg has practically lost its industrial specialisation. [87]

The standard of living in Yekaterinburg exceeds the average standard across Russia. According to the Department of Sociology of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, it is among the top ten cities with the highest standard of living. Compared to other Russian cities with a population of around or over one million, in 2015, Yekaterinburg held a leading position in terms of average monthly wages and retail turnover, in terms of the total volume of investments in fourth place of fixed assets, and second place in housing placement. [88] [89]

The average monthly wage in Yekaterinburg following the results of 2019 was 54,976 rubles. This is the first place among the millionth municipalities of the Russian Federation. [90] There are on average 440,300 people employed by large and middle-sized organisations and companies. The unemployment rate at the end of 2015 was 0.83% of the total economically active population. Locals labelled the main problems of the city such the current state of the healthcare system, housing system, and transportation system. [89] [91]

The budget of Yekaterinburg in 2015 was executed on income in the amount of 32,063.6   million rubles, for expenses in the amount of 32,745.8   million rubles. Among the budget expenditures: 17 billion rubles were spent on education, over 1 billion rubles on culture, and about 900 million rubles on health. The main part of the revenue of the city treasury was its own tax and non-tax revenues (more than 18 billion rubles). The revenues from the regional and federal budgets were at the lowest level in 10 years. Specialists noted a decrease in tax revenues and an increase in tax debt (exceeded 2 billion rubles). [89] [92]

The main budget expenditures are the development of the economy (which accounts for 19% of expenditures) and the social security of the townspeople (11% of expenditures go). Cities such as Perm, Kazan and Ufa, spend for these purposes in a smaller percentage of costs (from 2 to 6%). Also, a fairly strict budgetary discipline is noted—the budget deficit is kept at the level of 2% of its volume. [93]

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest financial and business centres in Russia, with offices of multinational corporations, representative offices of foreign companies, and a large number of federal and regional financial and credit organisations. The financial market of Yekaterinburg is characterised by stability and independence, based both on the broad presence of large foreign and Moscow credit organisations and on the availability of large and stable local financial holdings. [94]

The financial sector of Yekaterinburg has more than 100 banks, including 11 foreign banks. The list of the largest Russian banks for assets for 2016 included 10 banks registered in Yekaterinburg, including but not all: Ural Bank for Reconstruction and Development, SKB-Bank, Uraltransbank, and UM Bank. [95] [96]

IT "SKB Kontur" from Yekaterinburg – the largest software manufacturer in Russia – first place according to the RAEX rating [97]

Also in Yekaterinburg is the Ural headquarters of the Central Bank of Russia. Since 7 August 2017, by order of the Bank of Russia, the branches of the Siberian, Far Eastern and part of the Prevolzhsky Federal Districts have been transferred to the control of the Ural Megaregal Directorate. Thus, this is one of the three main departments of the Mega-regulator in the territory of Russia. [98]

A major role in the formation of Yekaterinburg as a business centre has its infrastructural potential, which is growing at a high rate: transport accessibility for Russian and foreign economic entities, the availability of hotels, advanced communication services, business related services (consulting, exhibition activities, etc.). [94] Yekaterinburg has its own central business district, Yekaterinburg City. [99]

Yekaterinburg has been a major industrial centre since its foundation. In the 18th century, the main branches were smelting and processing of metal. Since the beginning of the 19th century, machine building appeared, and in the second half of the 19th century, light and food (especially milling) industry was widely spread. A new stage in the development of production occurred during the period of industrialisation – at this time in the city, factories were built, which determined the industry specialisation of heavy engineering. During World War II, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) hosted about sixty enterprises evacuated from Central Russia and Ukraine. As a result, there was a sharp increase in the production capacity of existing plants and the emergence of new branches of the Urals industry.

At present, more than 220 large and medium-sized enterprises are registered in Yekaterinburg, 197 of them in manufacturing industries. [94] In 2015, they shipped 323,288 million rubles worth of own-produced goods. Production by industry was divided accordingly: metallurgical production and metalworking 20.9%, food production 13.3%, production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment 9.2%, production of vehicles 8.4%, production of machinery and equipment 6.4%, chemical production 5.5%, production of other nonmetallic mineral products 3.7%, production of rubber and plastic products 2.8%, pulp and paper production, publishing and printing 0.5%, and other 29.3%. [100]

Several headquarters of large Russian industrial companies are located in the city: IDGC of Urals, Enel Russia, Steel-Industrial Company, Russian Copper Company, Kalina, NLMK-Sort, VIZ-Stal, Sinara Group, Uralelectrotyazhmash, Automation Association named after academician NA Semikhatov, Ural Heavy Machinery Plant (Uralmash), Fat Plant, Fores, confectionery association Sladko, Machine Building Plant named after M.I. Kalinin, Ural Turbine Plant, Uralkhimmash and others. [101]

Yekaterinburg ranks first in retail trade of the Russian Federation per capita, ahead of Moscow. [102] The consumer market contributes significantly to Yekaterinburg's economy. Revenue of retail stores in 2015 amounted to 725.9   billion rubles, and the number of retailers totaled 4,290. [103] As of 1 January 2016, 36 shopping centers operate in the city, taking up a total area of which was 1,502,700   m 2 (16,175,000   sq   ft) . The availability of shopping centres per 1,000 inhabitants increased to 597.2   m 2 (6,428   sq   ft) . [104]

Retail areas amounted to 2,019,000   m 2 (21,730,000   sq   ft) , with the availability of retail space reached 1,366.3   m 2 (14,707   sq   ft) per 1,000 inhabitants. According to these statistics, Yekaterinburg holds leading positions among other major cities of Russia. In the consumer market of Yekaterinburg, 1041 network operators are represented. The number of wholesale enterprises totalled 1,435. Among the Federal construction stores represented in the city, you can select: Leroy Merlin, [105] Castorama, [106] Domostroy, [107] Maxidom, [108] OBI, [109] Sdvor. [110] Yekaterinburg has an agricultural market named Shartashsky. [104] [111]

The revenue of catering in 2015 totalled 38.6   billion rubles. The network of catering enterprises in Yekaterinburg is presented as follows: 153 restaurants, 210 bars, 445 cafes, 100 coffee houses, 582 dining rooms, 189 eateries, 173 fast-food establishments, 10 tea shops, 319 other types of institutions (buffets, cafeterias, catering companies). 82.6% of catering enterprises provide additional services to consumers. [112]

The revenue of the services industry in 2015 totalled 74.9   billion rubles. The fastest pace in the city is developing hairdressing services, sewing and knitting atelier services, pawnshop services, fitness centre services. The network of public service enterprises in Yekaterinburg includes 5,185 facilities. In 2015, the provision of service areas for service enterprises totaled 382.1   m 2 (4,113   sq   ft) per 1,000 citizens. The highest concentration of household services is observed in the Verkh-Isetsky, Oktyabrsky and Leninsky districts. [113]

Greenwich Shopping Center, as of 2021, is the largest shopping center in Europe. [114]

The largest store in the world by area is Sima-Land. [115]

Yekaterinburg is a major centre for the Russian tourist industry. In 2015, the city was one of the top five most visited Russian cities (others being Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk , and Vladivostok ) according to the Global Destinations Cities Index, which represents the payment system Mastercard . [116] In recent years, a lot of work has been done to create a positive image of Yekaterinburg as a centre for international tourism, including holding of summits for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in 2008 and 2009 and the international exhibition Innoprom in 2009 and 2010. [117] In 2014, Yekaterinburg ranked third among Russian cities in popularity among foreign tourists after Moscow and St. Petersburg. [118]

In 2015, the total flow of inbound tourism grew by 10% compared to the previous year and amounted to 2.1   million people. [119] In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the role of business tourism in the overall flow: if in 2013 about 80% of trips were business, in 2015 their number was already 67%. Most tourists go to "bow to the memory of the last [czar] and his family." In addition, new tourist ideas are developing such as the Bazhov theme, the geological and mineralogical theme, industrial tourism, and the event calendar. [120]

Yekaterinburg is the third largest transport hub of Russia, behind Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city has 6 federal highways, 7 main railway lines, and an international airport. The location of Yekaterinburg in the central part of the region allows for 7 to 10 hours to get from it to any large city of the Urals. [121] The formation of Yekaterinburg as an important transportation hub is largely due to the city's favourable geographical location on a low stretch of the Ural Mountains, through which it was convenient to lay the main roads connecting the European and Eastern parts of Russia. [122]

Yekaterinburg is one of the ten Russian megacities with the largest car fleet (0.437 megacars were registered in the city in 2014), which has been intensively increasing in recent years (by 6–14% annually). [123] [124] The level of car ownership in 2015 has reached 410 cars per 1,000 people. [125] Its pace in the past few years has seriously exceeded the pace of development and the capacity of the road infrastructure. For the first time, transport problems started to appear in Yekaterinburg in the 1980s and though it did not seem threatening at first, the situation gets worse every year. Studies have shown that as early as 2005, the capacity limit for the road network was reached, which has now led to permanent congestion. [126] To increase the capacity of the street-road network, stage-by-stage reconstruction of streets is being carried out, as well as multi-level interchanges being built. In order to reduce the transit traffic, the Sverdlovsk Oblast administration announced two road projects in 2014: the Yekaterinburg Ring Road (EKAD) and an overpass road on Sovetskaya Street. The Yekaterinburg Ring Road would surround the largest municipalities of Yekaterinburg. Its purpose would be to help the city's economy and reduce traffic on the Middle Ring Road of the city, making it easier for civilians to commute around the city than going through the city's traffic congestion. Eventually, the Ring Road would connect to other federal roads in order for easier access between other Russian cities. Construction of the road started in the same year. The projects were assigned to the Ministry of Transport and Communications since the projects were crucial to the city's economy. Officials hope the road projects will build environments more conducive to improving local quality of life and outside investments. Completing these major inter-regional roads will increase productive traffic by 50% to 100%, improving the local economy with its ease of access to industries. [127]

Since 2014, the project for the introduction of paid parking in the central part of Yekaterinburg is being implemented. The project is implemented in parallel with the increase in the number of intercepting parking lots and the construction of parking lots. At the end of 2015, in the central part of the city there were 2,307 paid parking places. [125]

The total length of the road network in Yekaterinburg is 1,311.5   km (814.9   mi) , of which 929.8   km (577.8   mi) is cobbled carriageways, 880   km (550   mi) is with upgraded coverage, 632   km (393   mi) is backbone networks, of which 155   km (96   mi) are on the citywide backbone network movement. 20 interchanges have been constructed at different levels within the city limits, including 11 on the EKAD and 9 on the middle ring. 74 transport facilities (27 bridges across the Iset River, Patrushikha, Mostovka, Istok Rivers, 13 dams on the Iset, Patrushikha, Istok, Olkhovka, Warm, Shilovka Rivers, 23 road overpasses , and 18 out-of-the-way pedestrian crossings) were built as well. [128]

Yekaterinburg is served by the following highways: [129]

Yekaterinburg uses almost all types of public transport. The largest transportation services—the Municipal Association of Bus Enterprises, the Tram-Trolleybus Office, and the Yekaterinburg Metro —transported 207.4   million people in 2015. [130] The total volume of passenger transportation by all land transport modes decreases annually. If the annual passenger traffic of municipal transport was 647.1   million people in 2002, and according to this index the city occupied the third place in the country with a wide margin, then in 2008 this figure would be 412 million people (the fourth place in Russia). [131] [132]

Since 1991, the city operates the sixth metro in Russia and the thirteenth in the CIS . At the moment there is one line with 9 stations. In 2015 49.9   million passengers were transported; according to this metric the Yekaterinburg Metro is the fourth in Russia, behind the Moscow Metro, Saint Petersburg Metro, and Novosibirsk Metro . [133] Although the metro is the second most popular type of public transport, in recent years significant problems have appeared in its work: loss-making, obsolete rolling stock, and a shortage of funds for modernisation. [134] The tram network was established in 1929 and currently [ when? ] plays a leading role in the urban transport system. The volume of passengers carried for 2013 is 127.8   million, [135] but this declines every year (245   million people in 2013 [136] ). In 2016 there were 30 routes operating 459 cars. The total length of the tracks is 185.5   km. As of 2016 [ update ] , the construction of a tram line "Ekaterinburg-Verkhnyaya Pyshma" was planned. [137]

There are 93 bus routes operating in Yekaterinburg, including 30 municipal ones (EMUP "MOAP"). [138] In 2007, 114.5   million passengers were transported by municipal intercity buses (124.6   million in 2006). [139] The decrease in volume is due to the increasing role of the fixed-route taxis in the urban transport system of Yekaterinburg, as well as the high cost of travel. However, the city bus transport network provides significant employment for the people of Ekaterinburg, including the formidable babushkas who collect passenger fares. In the park of EMPU, there are 537 buses. [140] In 2013, there are 19 routes, which employ 250 trolleybuses. The total length of trolleybus lines is 168.4   km. The number of passengers transported by trolleybus in 2007 amounted to 78.4   million (84.3   million in 2006). [139]

In addition, the city operates an electric train route linking the north-western and the southern parts of Yekaterinburg, from Sem' Klyuchey to Elizavet.

Yekaterinburg is a major railway junction. In the Yekaterinburg node, 7 main lines converge (to Perm , Tyumen , Kazan , Nizhny Tagil , Chelyabinsk , Kurgan , and Tavda ). The Sverdlovsk Railway Administration is located in the city, which serves trains on the territory of the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions, the Perm Territory, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, as well as parts of the Omsk Region, and there is a single road traffic control centre. The Perm–Yekaterinburg–Tyumen section is now part of the main route of the Trans-Siberian Railway .

Yekaterinburg is served by two primary airports: Koltsovo International Airport (SVX) and the smaller Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport . Koltsovo Airport is one of the largest airports in the country, serving 5.404   million passengers (including 3.485   million serviced by domestic airlines, 1.919   million at international flights) in 2017, making it the sixth busiest airport in Russia . [141]

Yekaterinburg has an extensive network of municipal, regional and federal health facilities. There are 54 hospitals, designed at a capacity of 18,200 beds, [142] 272 ambulatory polyclinics, and 156 dental clinics and offices. [143] Some health facilities are based on medical research institutes such as the Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, [144] the Research Institute of Dermatology and Immunopathology, [145] and the Ural State Medical University, as well as others.

In clean areas of the city, there is the Yekaterinburg Medical Centre, which includes the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (also includes a polyclinic and a boarding house), Central City Hospital No. 40 (polyclinic, therapeutic building, surgical building, infectious body, neuro-surgical building, maternity hospital), Regional Cardiology Centre, Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS, and MNTK Eye Microsurgery. [146]

Other large medical centres are the Uralmash Health Centre (Hospital No. 14), the Hospital of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the district hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the district military hospital, the Oncology Centre, the Sverdlovsk Oblast Psychiatric Hospital, the Disaster Medicine Centre, the Sanguis Blood Transfusion Centre, children's versatile hospital No. 9, and the regional rehabilitation centre on Chusovsky lake. There are about 300 pharmacies in the city. [143] The number of doctors in public medical institutions is 11,339 people (83.9 per 10,000 people) and the number of nurses is 16,795 (124 per 10,000 people).

Private medical institutions also operate in the city. [147]

Yekaterinburg's education system includes institutions of all grades and conditions: preschool, general, special (correctional), and vocational (secondary and higher education), as well as others. Today, the city is one of the largest educational centres of Russia, with Yekaterinburg considered to be the leading educational and scientific centre of the Urals . [148]

There are 164 educational institutions in Yekaterinburg: 160 of them operate in the morning and the other 4 in the evening. In 2015, 133,800 people were enrolled in general education institutions, which holds a capacity of 173,161 people. [149] Yekaterinburg's education system also includes state pre-school educational institutions, non-state pre-school institutions, out-of-town health camps, and municipal city health facilities with a one-day stay. [150] Five educational institutions of the city: SUNC UrFU, Gymnasium No. 2, Gymnasium No. 9, Gymnasium No. 35, and Lyceum No. 135, were included in the rating of the five hundred best schools in the country by the Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation . [151]

On 16 July 1914, the Ural Mining Institute of Emperor Nicholas II (now the Ural State Mining University ) was established as Yekaterinburg's first educational institution. [152] In 1930, the Sverdlovsk Power Engineering College (now the Ural Technical Institute of Communications and Informatics) was opened to train specialists in the field of communications. The Alexei Maximovich Gorky Ural State University (now the Ural Federal University ) became the first university in Yekaterinburg by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR , signed by Vladimir Lenin on 19 October 1920. The Sverdlovsk Engineering and Pedagogical Institute (today the Russian State Vocational and Pedagogical University) became the first university of the USSR for the training of engineering and pedagogical personnel when it was opened in 1979.

In terms of the level of qualification of the graduates, Yekaterinburg's universities are among the leading in Russia, in particular in terms of the number of graduates representing the current managing elite of the country, Yekaterinburg universities are second only to the educational institutions of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. [153] [154] Currently, there are 20 state universities in the city, which currently holds a total of 140,000 students. [155] In addition, there are 14 non-state institutions of higher education in the city, such as the Yekaterinburg Academy of Contemporary Art and the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The prestigious architecture school, the Ural State Academy of Architecture and Arts , is also located within the city limits. Other institutions of higher education Ural State Pedagogical University, Ural State University of Forestry, Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ural State University of Economics, Military Institute of Artillery, Ural State Conservatory , Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ural State Law Academy , Ural State Medical University, Ural State Academy of Performing Arts, Ural Academy of Public Service, and Institute of International Relations .

In May 2011, the Ural State University and Ural State Technical University merged to form the Boris N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University , making it the largest university in the Urals and the largest university in Russia. As of 1 January 2016, the university had 35,300 students and 2,950 teachers. The university's budget in 2015 totalled 9,1   billion rubles and the volume of research and development work totalled 1,6   billion rubles. [156] As of 2021, UrFU is the largest university in Russia in terms of the number of students, being on the 351st place in the QS World University Rankings. [157] [158] The number of publications of the university in the Web of Science database is about a thousand per year. [159]

There are many branches of non-resident universities in the city, including the Ural branch of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Private Law, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Plekhanov Russian Economic Academy, the Yekaterinburg branch of the University of the Russian Academy of Education, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Moscow State University, and Sholokhov Humanitarian University, as well as others.

In Yekaterinburg, a large number of print publications are published: about 200 newspapers, the most read being the Ural Worker , Vecherny Yekaterinburg , Oblastnaya Gazeta , and For Change! , and 70 magazines, with most read being Red Burda and I'm Buying . [160] [161]

A television studio was built in Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) in 1955 and on 6 November of the same year, the first telecast appeared. Coloured television later appeared in 1976. [162] Now the television is broadcast by 19 companies, including but not all: STRC Ural, Channel Four, 41 Home, Channel 10, OTV, Union (Orthodox), and UFO 24. Broadcasting is carried out from the TV tower on Lunacharsky street (television studio GTRK Ural), the TV tower on the Moskovskiy Hill, and from the TV tower (radio relay tower) on Blyukher Street. In 1981, construction of a new television tower was started, which was to become the second tallest in Russia after the Ostankino Tower and cover the territory of most of the Sverdlovsk region, but economic difficulties postponed construction. As a result, the television tower was the tallest uncompleted structure in the world. On 24 March 2018, the television tower was demolished by detonation for the city's beautification in preparation of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . [163] The Shartash radio mast, which broadcasts, is the tallest structure in the city, with a height of 263 meters. [164] In addition, several dozens of national and local news agencies are broadcast in Yekaterinburg, with the most watched being ITAR-TASS Ural, RUIA-Ural, and Interfax-Ural.

At the moment [ when? ] , there are 26 internet providers and 6 cellular operators in the city. [165] According to Yekaterinburg News , the city has signed a cooperative agreement with the Russian mobile operator Vimpelcom , working under the Beeline brand. The partnership will involve cooperation on investment projects and social programmes focused on increasing access to mobile services in the city. Beeline has launched an initiative to provide Wi-Fi services in 500 public trams and trolley buses in Yekaterinburg. [166]

Yekaterinburg is a multipurpose cultural centre of the Urals Federal District. [148] There are about fifty libraries in the city. The largest library organisations are the Sverdlovsk Oblast Universal Scientific Library, the V.G. Belinsky Scientific Library, which is the largest public library in Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the Municipal Library Association, which is composed of 41 libraries throughout the city, including the AI Herzen Central City Library. [167]

There are about 50 different museums in the city. [168] Yekaterinburg has unique museum collections, such as the collections of Russian paintings in the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts and the Nevyansk icons in the Nevyansk Icon Museum , with more than 300 icons representing the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries on display. There is also a unique exhibit, the Kaslinsky cast iron pavilion, which received main awards at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The Kasli Pavilion was registered by UNESCO as the only cast-iron architectural structure in the world, which is in the museum collection. [169] Museums of the city also have collections of jewellery and stone ornaments. The United Museum of Writers of the Urals presents exhibitions in memory of writers such as Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and Pavel Bazhov . It also is the home of the Shigirskaya Kladovaya ( Шигирская кладовая ), or Shigir Collection, which includes the oldest known wooden sculpture in the world. The sculpture was found near Nevyansk and originally estimated to have been made approximately 9,500 years ago, but now is estimated to have been made 11,500 years ago. [170] Yekaterinburg museums annually participate in the international event Long Night of Museums .

Yekaterinburg has the third most theatres in Russia. [171] The influence of theatrical life of the city was made by the Moscow Art Academic Theater and the Central Theater of the Soviet Army when they evacuated to Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) during World War II, and they had their own theater in the city. [172] Notable theatres that operate in the city are Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, Drama Theater, Kolyada-Theater , the youth theatre, and the puppet theatre, as well as others. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater received four awards at the Golden Mask 2020 Festival in Moscow, including the main Golden Mask for the Best Opera Performance [173]

In 2014, the city showcased its education, literary, art, and theatre culture through the Russian Year of Culture Programme. [174]

The city has a well-developed film industry. Opened back in 1909, Laurage was the first cinema in Yekaterinburg. In 1943, the Sverdlovsk Film Studio was opened and produced its first feature film Silva a year later. After the Second World War, the studio produced up to ten feature films a year. There are more than 20 cinemas in Yekaterinburg, the oldest of which is the Salyut, while the most capacious is the Cosmos spacecraft. [175] [176] There are also chains of movie theatres such as Premier-Zal, Kinomaks, and Kinoplex, which usually open in shopping and entertainment centres.

A number of popular Russian rock bands, such as Urfin Dzhyus, Chaif , Chicherina , Nautilus Pompilius , Nastya, Trek, Agata Kristi , Slaughter to Prevail and Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii , were originally formed in Yekaterinburg ( Ural Rock is often considered as a particular variety of rock music. Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are actually considered to be the main centres of the genre in Russia). Also, opera singers like Boris Shtokolov , Yuri Gulyayev , Vera Bayeva graduated from the Urals State Conservatory. The Ural Philharmonic Orchestra (currently conducted by Dmitry Liss ), founded by Mark Paverman and located in Yekaterinburg, is also very popular in Russia and in Europe, as well as the Ural Academic Popular Chorus, a folk-singing and dance ensemble. [ citation needed ]

Yekaterinburg V. I. Filatov State Circus is located in the centre of the city, on the western bank of the Iset River. In 2012, the Yekaterinburg Circus was nominated "Best Circus of the Year" for the circus show Sharivari by the Rosgoscirk and the Ministry of Culture . [177]

The Presidential Center named after Boris Yeltsin was built in Yekaterinburg in 2015. It is considered to be a public, cultural and educational center. Center has its art gallery, library, museum equipped with the newest multimedia technologies that help to present the documents, video materials and archive photos. In 2017, the Yeltsin Center was recognized as the best museum in Europe by the Council of Europe, the first of the museums in Russia. [178]

The Urals Society of Natural Science Lovers pushed Yekaterinburg to have a zoo. Currently, the zoo has more than 1,000 animals that belong to more than 350 species. The zoo covers an area of 2.7 hectares.

On 18 June 2011, Yekaterinburg launched Red Line as a pedestrian tourist route for self-guided tours by residents and visitors to go to 34 landmarks in the historical section of the city. [179]

Many buildings of Yekaterinburg are ranged from a different number of architectural styles. The city had a regular layout, based on the fortresses of the Renaissance and by the principles of French town planning during the 17th century. By the 18th century, the Baroque movement was not that influential in Yekaterinburg, with the style being seen in churches which later declined [180]

In the first half of the 19th century, neoclassicism grew influential in the Yekaterinburg's architecture. The estates were built in the neoclassic style, including the main house, wings, services, and often an English-style park. This style's influence in Yekaterinburg is mostly due to the contributions of architect Michael Malakhov, who worked in the city from 1815 to 1842. He designed the assemblies of the Verkhne-Isetsky factory as well as the Novo-Tikhvinsky Monastery. [180]

At the beginning of the 20th century, eclecticism became a dominant influence in Yekaterinburg's architecture. Buildings such as the Opera House and Yekaterinburg railway station were built in this style. During the 1920s and the 1930s, constructivism took effect, influencing residential complexes, industrial buildings, stadiums, etc. Architects Moses Ginzburg, Jacob Kornfeld, the Vesnina brothers, Daniel Friedman, and Sigismund Dombrovsky contributed greatly to the constructivism in the city. More than 140 structures in Yekaterinburg are designed through the constructivist style. [181]

During the 1930s to 1950s, there was a turn back to neoclassicism, with much attention paid to public buildings and monuments. Notable examples include the buildings of the Ural Industrial Institute on Lenin Avenue, the City Party Committee and the City Council Executive Committee building (now the City Administrative building), the District Officers' House, and the House of Defense complex. Cultural buildings are built in the squares in orderly composition. In these years, architects Golubev, K. T. Babykin, Valenkov worked fruitfully in Yekaterinburg with this style. In the 1960s, changes in the approach to construction led to widespread distribution of apartment blocks common in the Khrushchev era . Buildings built by individuals were rare, among them being: KKT "Kosmos", the Palace of Youth, and DK UZTM. [182]

From the 1960s to the 1980s, as industrial development grew in Yekaterinburg, so did rationalism . The situation changed in the 1990s when Russia transferred into a market economy. At that time, older buildings were restored, giving the urban area a new environment such as: the Cosmos Concert Hall, the Puppet Theater, the children's ballet theatre The Nutcracker, the Palace of Justice, the Cathedral of the Blood, and the Church of the Transfiguration . At the same time, the construction of new buildings was accompanied by the demolition of historical buildings, leading to the development of the "facade" phenomenon, where the facades of historic buildings are preserved while adjacent modern buildings are built. [183]

The centre of Yekaterinburg became the centre of new construction, where banks, business centres, hotels, luxury residential complexes, and sports and shopping centres were built. High-tech architecture grew influential, with buildings such as the Center for Railway Transportation Management, the Summit business centre, the Aquamarine residential complex, and the retail strip at Vaynera Street being notable examples. Along with this, postmodernism revived interest in the older architectural styles of Yekaterinburg, growing more emphasis on historicalism and contextualism. In the late 1990s, architects grew interested in regionalism . [183]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Yekaterinburg architects turned back to the Soviet-based avant-garde, and influence future city buildings with the neoconstructivist style. The practice of attracting large foreign investors to projects has become popular. In 2007, the construction of the Central business district started, being headed by the French architect Jean Pistre. [183] In 2010, Yekaterinburg became one of the largest centers for the construction of High-rise buildings. In the city, 1,189 high-rise buildings were built, including 20 skyscrapers, the tallest of which is the Iset Tower , with a height of 209 meters. [184]

Yekaterinburg is also a leading sports centre in Russia. A large number of well-known athletes, both world and Olympics champions, are associated with the city. Since 1952, Yekaterinburg athletes have won 137 medals at the Olympic Games (46 gold, 60 silver and 31 bronze). In the 2008 Summer Olympics , 8 residents of Yekaterinburg returned with medals (1 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze). [185]

In 1965, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk), along with a number of Russian cities, hosted the Bandy World Championship . In 2018, Yekaterinburg was one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena (called Central Stadium before the World Cup). [186]

Yekaterinburg has a total of 1728 sports facilities, including 16 stadiums with stands, 440 indoor gyms and 45 swimming pools. There are 38 sports children's and youth schools for reserves for the Olympic Games, in which more than 30,000 people are participating. [187]

Sport clubs

Yekaterinburg has many professional sports clubs in sports such as volleyball, basketball, futsal , bandy , and ice hockey for both women and men. Bandy club SKA-Sverdlovsk , women's volleyball club VC Uralochka-NTMK , women's basketball club UMMC Yekaterinburg , and futsal club MFK Sinara Yekaterinburg were among the best teams in Russia and Europe.

2018 FIFA World Cup

Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup [59] Yekaterinburg is one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena . [186]

For the World Cup 2018, from 7 October 2015 to 29 December 2017, the Central Stadium was upgraded to bring it into compliance with FIFA requirements for the World Cup and was renamed Yekaterinburg Arena. The architectural concept of the new stadium is built on a combination of historical walls and the built-in core of the modern arena. During the reconstruction of the sports facility, which is a monument of history and culture, the facades are carefully preserved, and the arena itself is equipped with the latest technical achievements of the sports industry. Temporary stands extending outside the stadium's original perimeter were erected to comply with the FIFA requirement of seating for 35,000 spectators. They can hold a total of 12,000 spectators, but the seating will be removed after the World Cup, decreasing the seating capacity back to 23,000. [188] [189]

The FIFA Fan Fest in Yekaterinburg is located in the Mayakovsky Central Park of Entertainment and Culture. Located just outside the city centre in a popular and well-known amusement park, it will have a capacity to hold 17,000 people. [190]

Koltsovo Airport was also reconstructed and had a second runway built. In addition, work was done to prepare another passenger terminal, modernize the technical infrastructure, and launch the business aviation hangar. The airport's capacity in preparation for the World Cup has increased to two thousand people per hour. The street and road network was also upgraded. [191]

The United States, [192] United Kingdom, [193] Germany, [194] France, [195] China [196] and several other countries have consulates in Yekaterinburg.

The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on 16 June 2009, in Yekaterinburg, [197] with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , Dmitry Medvedev , Manmohan Singh , and Hu Jintao , the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending.

The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had also met in Yekaterinburg previously on 16 May 2008.

In June 2013, at the 153rd General Assembly of the Bureau of International Expositions held in Paris, representatives from Yekaterinburg presented the city's bid to host the 2020 World Expo . Yekaterinburg's concept for the upcoming exhibition relates to the impact of globalisation on the modern world.

Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed during a televised statement in English to earmark the required funds to build an exhibition complex large enough to receive the estimated 30 million visitors from more than 150 countries. [198]

Yekaterinburg later bid for the Expo 2025 . Yekaterinburg's concept for the bid exhibition relates to the technologies to make people happy by changing the world with innovation and quality of life. The host was announced on 23 November 2018 and Yekaterinburg lost out to Osaka, Japan.

Yekaterinburg hosted the Global Summit on Manufacturing and Industrialization (GMIS — 2019) GMIS under the auspices of the United Nations. [199] The annual INNOPROM exhibition is among the five largest industrial exhibitions in the world. [200]

Yekaterinburg is twinned with: [201]

• Anton Bakov , Leader of the Monarchist Party
• Irina Antonenko , Miss Russia 2010
• Aleksei Balabanov , film director, screenwriter, producer
• Vera Bazarova , pairs figure skater
• Pavel Bazhov , folklorist and children's author
• Old Man Bukashkin , artist and poet
• Pavel Datsyuk , ice hockey player
• Nikolay Durakov , bandy legend
• Chiang Fang-liang , former first lady of Taiwan
• Aleksey Fedorchenko , film director, producer
• Denis Galimzyanov , sprinter cyclist
• Anna Gavrilenko , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Nikolay Karpol , national women volleyball team coach
• Nikolai Khabibulin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Yashin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Khvostenko , avant-garde poet, singer-songwriter, artist, and sculptor
• Nikolay Kolyada , actor, director, writer, playwright, and playwriting teacher
• Ilya Kormiltsev , poet, translator, publisher
• Olga Kotlyarova , Olympic runner
• Maxim Kovtun , figure skater
• Vladislav Krapivin , children's author
• Valeria Savinykh , WTA Professional player
• Nikolay Krasovsky , mathematician
• Yulia Lipnitskaya , figure skater
• Iskander Makhmudov , businessman
• Vladimir Malakhov , ice hockey player
• Gennady Mesyats , vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Maxim Miroshkin , pairs figure skater
• Vladimir Mulyavin (1941 – 2003), Belarusian musician and the founder of the folk-rock band Pesniary [202]
• Alfia Nazmutdinova , rhythmic gymnast
• Ernst Neizvestny , sculptor
• Oleg Platonov , writer, historian, and economist
• Daria Pridannikova , rhythmic gymnast
• Eduard Rossel , ex-governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• Boris Ryzhy , poet
• Mikhail Shchennikov , race walker
• Vera Sessina , rhythmic gymnast
• Georgy Shishkin , painter
• Vassily Sigarev , playwright, screenwriter, film director
• Anastasiia Tatareva , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Sergei Tchepikov , Olympic biathlon competitor
• Vladimir Tretyakov , ex-rector of the Ural State University
• Lev Vainshtein , Olympic shooter
• Sergei Vonsovsky , physicist
• Alexander Dudoladov , writer
• Alexander Malinin , singer
• Petr Yan , Former UFC Bantamweight Champion
• A ballistic missile submarine of the Project 667BDRM Delfin class ( NATO reporting name: Delta IV ) is named Ekaterinburg (K-84/"807") in honour of the city.
• The asteroid 27736 Ekaterinburg was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007.

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• 1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #30-OZ
• 1 2 3 Haywood, A. J. (2010). Siberia: A Cultural History , Oxford University Press, p.   32
• ↑ Charter of Yekaterinburg, Article   24.1
• ↑ Official website of Yekaterinburg. Alexander Edmundovich Yakob, Head of Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg Archived 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• ↑ "Проект о внесении изменений в Генеральный план развития городского округа – муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» на период до 2025 года" (in Russian). p.   168. [ permanent dead link ]
• 1 2 Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ "Federal State Statistic Service" . Government of Russia. 1 January 2024 . Retrieved 6 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации.   №ОК 019-95   1 января 1997 г. « Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код   65 401 », в ред. изменения №278/2015 от   1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification.   # OK 019-95   January   1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code   65 401 , as amended by the Amendment   # 278/2015 of   January   1, 2016. ).
• 1 2 3 Law #85-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 January 2019 .
• 1 2 "Срок регистрации домена закончился" . www.ekaterinburg.com . Archived from the original on 21 January 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Upton, Clive ; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd   ed.). Routledge. p.   1552. ISBN   978-1-138-12566-7 .
• ↑ "RUSSIA: Ural'skij Federal'nyj Okrug: Ural Federal District" . City Population.de . 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 2 October 2020 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" " . Urbaneconomics.ru .
• ↑ Kolossov, Vladimir; Eckert, Denis (1 January 2007). "Russian regional capitals as new international actors: the case of Yekaterinburg and Rostov" . Belgeo (1): 115–132. doi : 10.4000/belgeo.11686 .
• ↑ "Central Asian Chapter by Eurasian Respiratory and Allergy Consortium" . Era-cac.org . Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 1 June 2018 .
• ↑ "Yekaterinburg - Entertainment - Russia.com" . Russia.com .
• ↑ "Конструктивизм. Жемчужина архитектуры Екатеринбурга" . www.e1.ru (in Russian). 16 January 2018 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург за 10 лет стал столицей конструктивизма" . Strelka Mag (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ Урал, Наш (19 May 2016). "Советская утопия: эпоха конструктивизма в Екатеринбурге" . Наш Урал (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Все кругом храпят, а Екатеринбург — пробужденный Когда уральский город объявил себя российской столицей стрит-арта, многие смеялись. А потом он стал ею" . Meduza (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург становится столицей стрит-арта" . Российская газета (in Russian). 16 April 2019 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург – столица стрит-арта. Часть первая" . www.uralweb.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Памятникик археологии" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "1.2. Палкинские каменные палатки. Проект 1. | "Образование Урала" " . uraledu.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ ГАМАЮНСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА – Уральская Историческая Энциклопедия . ural.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Екатеринбург" . Геральдика Свердловской области . Официальный сайт областной думы законодательного собрания. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 6 December 2009 .
• ↑ Юрий, Коновалов (26 March 2004). "Первые русские поселения на реке Уктус" . www.okorneva.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Кулешов, Николай (2001). "Горных заводов щит" . Домострой (4).
• ↑ Архипова, Нина (2001). "Тайны "превысочайшего Камня" ". Родина (11).
• ↑ Корепанов Н. С. Уктус — исток Екатеринбурга — Екатеринбург: Грачёв и партнёры, 2012. — 40 экз. — ISBN 978-5-91256-129-0
• 1 2 3 4 5 Юхт, Александр (1985). Государственная деятельность В. Н. Татищева в 20-е — начале 30-х годов XVIII века (in Russian). Moscow: Наука .
• ↑ "Библиотека истории: Ремесло историка в России – Бердинских В.А." history-library.com . Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Завод-крепость – История основания Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Основание Екатеринбурга" . Histrf.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Металлургические заводы Урала XVII—XX вв.: Энциклопедия / глав. ред. В. В. Алексеев. — Екатеринбург   : Издательство «Академкнига», 2001.
• 1 2 ipravo.info. "О ликвидации Баженовского и Сысертского районов Уральской области и о расширении городской черты и пригородной зоны города Свердловска – Российский Правовой Портал" (in Russian). ipravo.info. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 . Retrieved 19 June 2018 .
• 1 2 "History of the Verkh-Isetsky district" . Administration of Verkh-Isetsky district . Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• ↑ "Золотой век Екатеринбурга" . Уралнаш. Интересно о Екатеринбурге . 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021 . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ "50 интересных фактов об Екатеринбурге — Общенет" . obshe.net . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Massie, Robert K. (22 February 2012). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter . Random House Publishing Group. ISBN   9780307873866 .
• ↑ "FSU News" . fsu.edu . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 История Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Временное Областное Правительство Урала – Энциклопедия Екатеринбурга – Энциклопедии & Словари" . enc-dic.com . Archived from the original on 20 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Главная: НОВОСТИ . familii.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Справочник по административно-территориальному делению Свердловской области" (PDF) . ГАСО (State Archive of the Sverdlovsk oblast). p.   37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2017 . Retrieved 2 February 2013 .
• ↑ Rappaport, Helen (1999). Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion . ABC-CLIO. ISBN   978-1-57607-084-0 .
• ↑ Беркович Артём. "Пермь и Екатеринбург: история соперничества" . Муниципальный музей истории Екатеринбурга. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013 . Retrieved 16 December 2009 .
• ↑ In the name of Victory. Sverdlovsk-Yekaterinburg during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 . 2005 – via Ekaterinburg: Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
• ↑ "Свердловск – 1983 год" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью – АПИ-Урал" . apiural.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder" . BBC News . 17 July 1998 . Retrieved 4 April 2012 .
• ↑ Matthew S. Meselson, et al., "The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", Science 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.
• ↑ Martin McCauley, "Who's who in Russia since 1900", Routledge , 1997: p.133.
• ↑ Ровно 18 лет назад Свердловск снова стал Екатеринбургом . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "О возвращении городу Свердловску его исторического названия Екатеринбург, Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 23 сентября 1991 года №1674-1" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "First BRIC summit concludes | DW | 16 June 2009" . DW.COM . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Archived from the original on 12 April 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Russia moves to year-round winter time" . BBC News . 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 Грязнов Олег Николаевич; Гуляев Александр Николаевич; Рубан Наталья Валентиновна (2015). "Факторы инженерно-геологических условий города Екатеринбурга" . Izvestiia Uralʹskogo Gorno-Geologicheskoĭ Akademii (журнал) (3) (Известия Уральского государственного горного университета   ed.). Екатеринбург: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный горный университет": 5–21. ISSN   2307-2091 .
• ↑ Погода и Климат – Климат Екатеринбург [ Weather and Climate – The Climate of Yekaterinburg ] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) . Retrieved 8 November 2021 .
• ↑ "WMO Climate Normals for Sverdlovsk 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 29 October 2021 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" (PDF) . Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Свердловской области и Курганской области . Retrieved 7 June 2023 .
• ↑ "В Екатеринбурге заложили первый камень в основание соборной мечети – Уральская палата недвижимости" . upn.ru . Archived from the original on 10 October 2012 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Четвертый канал" . channel4.ru . Archived from the original on 20 December 2010 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Встреча Святейшего Патриарха Кирилла с общественностью Уральского федерального округа / Видеоматериалы / Патриархия.ru" . Патриархия.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Устав Свердловской области (с изменениями на 7 декабря 2017 года), Устав Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ, Закон Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 2 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области Губернатора Свердловской области № 141-ОЗ" . www.pravo.gov66.ru . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области от 18.02.2021 № 9-ОЗ ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов ∙ Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru . Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 The population of the Russian Federation for municipalities as of 1 January 2019 Archived 16 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine (2 May 2019)
• ↑ "К 2023 году население Академического района вырастет до 120 тысяч человек" . Новый День (in Russian). 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Chapter IV. Bodies and officials of local self-government of the municipality "city of Yekaterinburg" " . екатеринбург.рф . 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru .
• 1 2 "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "город Екатеринбург", Решение Екатеринбургской городской Думы Свердловской области от 12 октября 2010 года №62/29" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ Article 42 of the Charter of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• ↑ "О ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИИ И РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (с изменениями на: 06.02.1997), Постановление Правительства Свердловской области от 27 сентября 1995 года №13-П" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Сведения о проводящихся выборах и референдумах" . sverdlovsk.vybory.izbirkom.ru . Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Voting results for the Federal Electoral District – Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the Seventh Convocation – September 18, 2016" . CEC. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Российские города отстают в развитии" . НИУ ВШЭ . 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Urban world: Mapping the economic power of cities" . McKinsey Global Institute . March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" | Институт экономики города" . urbaneconomics.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Economics of Russian cities and urban agglomeration , Institute for Urban Economics
• 1 2 Алексей Белоусов, Орнат Валентина. (13 October 2015). "Екатеринбург – глобальный город" . Мегаполис. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Зубаревич Н.В. (2013). "Крупные города России: лидеры и аутсайдеры" (PDF) . Demoskop Weekly (журнал) (551–552) (Демоскоп Weekly   ed.). М.: НИУ ВШЭ: 1–17. ISSN   1726-2887 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург вошел в топ-10 городов с самым высоким уровнем жизни" . JustMedia . 17 December 2014 . Retrieved 14 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 "Results of social and economic development of the municipal formation "city of Yekaterinburg" in 2015" . 2016. p.   202 – via Ekaterinburg: Department of Economics of the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg.
• ↑ "Итоги социально-экономического развития Екатеринбурга" . Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Дарья Воронина. (19 June 2013). "Главными проблемами Екатеринбурга назвали медицину, ЖКХ и дороги" . Российская газета . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Юлия Позднякова. (22 April 2016). "Расходы бюджета Екатеринбурга за 2015 год составили почти 33 млрд рублей" . Коммерсантъ . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Полина Путякова. (30 August 2016). "Меряемся бюджетами: Откуда города берут деньги и на что тратят" . zvzda.ru. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• 1 2 3 Kachanova E.A. Strategic Priorities for the formation of finance for municipalities in the context of reforming the budgetary system Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine , – Moscow: Russian Academy of National Economy and State Service under the President of the Russian Federation, 2013. – 354 p.
• ↑ Vyacheslav, Kostyuk (12 December 2014). "His alien" . The Ural Worker . Archived from the original on 10 April 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие банки России по капиталу" . Журнал "Коммерсантъ Деньги" . 25 July 2016. p.   60 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие производители ПО" .
• ↑ "О распределении обязанностей по контролю и надзору за соблюдением законодательства Российской Федерации организациями, осуществляющими профессиональную деятельность на рынке ценных бумаг, деятельность центрального депозитария, деятельность по проведению организованных торгов, клиринговую деятельность и деятельность центрального контрагента, репозитарную деятельность, а также деятельность саморегулируемых организаций в сфере финансового рынка, объединяющих профессиональных участников рынка ценных бумаг, и об отмене отдельных распорядительных актов Банка России, Приказ Банка России от 07 августа 2017 года №ОД-2228" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Падающие пиксели и огромный шар: как может выглядеть "Екатеринбург-Сити" " . РБК Недвижимость . 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 76
• ↑ "ТОП-100 крупнейших предприятий Свердловской области Екатеринбург" . Деловой квартал. 11 October 2011 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» в 2019 году" . Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , p. 127–128
• 1 2 Development results, 2016 , p. 129
• ↑ "Леруа Мерлен" . Archived from the original on 18 October 2021 . Retrieved 27 April 2020 .
• ↑ "Castorama – строительный гипермаркет: купить товары для дома, дачи и ремонта" . Castorama.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Домострой" . Archived from the original on 30 July 2019 . Retrieved 27 April 2020 .
• ↑ "Максидом - интернет-магазин товаров для дома" . www.maxidom.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "ОБИ строительный гипермаркет: товары для дачи, сада, дома и ремонта: каталог ОБИ" . Obi.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Строительный Двор – интернет-магазин стройматериалов, купить с доставкой строительные материалы в магазинах сети" . Sdvor.com . Archived from the original on 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 130
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 131–132
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 133–135
• ↑ "Топ-20 самых больших торговых центров РФ" . marketmedia.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 11 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Сима-Ленд" . 20 October 2016.
• ↑ Вячеславовна, Логунцова Ирина (2015). "Специфика и перспективы Российской индустрии туризма на современном этапе" . Государственное управление. Электронный вестник (52): 259–278.
• ↑ Геннадьевич, Шеломенцев Андрей; Сергеевна, Головина Анна (2011). "Индустрия туризма региона в контексте принципов саморегулирования региональных социально-экономических систем" . Экономика региона (1): 166–170. ISSN   2072-6414 .
• ↑ Екатеринбург поднялся на третье место в топе российских городов по популярности среди иностранных туристов . URBC.RU – новости экономики (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Число посетивших Екатеринбург туристов выросло в 2015 году на 10%" . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Туристический мастер-класс" . expert.ru . Archived from the original on 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Маренков Г.В. (2012). "Транспортная инфраструктура Свердловской области – связующее звено между Европой и Азией" (PDF) . Инфраструктура России (Том 1   ed.). М.: Центр стратегического партнёрства. pp.   254–260. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Мальцева Ю.; Волкова М.В. (2015). "Изучение возможности постройки современного экологического жилья в Свердловской области" (PDF) (сборник трудов IX заочной международной научно-практической конференции (Екатеринбург, 30–31 мая 2015 г.)) (Система управления экологической безопасностью   ed.). Екатеринбург: УрФУ. pp.   138–141.
• ↑ Ведомости (10 March 2015). "Автопарк России увеличился в 2014 году на 1 млн легковых машин" . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования в 2015 году" . 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 . Retrieved 7 July 2022 .
• ↑ Цариков А.А.; Обухова Н.А.; Оглы Мирзоев Н.З. (2015). "Эволюция системы заторов на улично-дорожной сети города Екатеринбурга" (PDF) (журнал) (Эксплуатация автомобильного транспорта   ed.). Екатеринбург: Общероссийская общественная организация "Российская академия транспорта". pp.   74–86. ISSN   2311-164X . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2016 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Reports, Yekaterinburg News. "Sverdlovsk focusing on two road projects" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2017 . Retrieved 14 June 2017 .
• ↑ Крицкий В.П. (2009). "Дорожное хозяйство Екатеринбурга" (PDF) . Дороги России-2009. Информационно-аналитический каталог (Издание второе, подготовлено к IХ Международной выставке-форуму "Дороги России XXI века" и Дню работников дорожного хозяйства 3000 экз   ed.). Екатеринбург: Информационно-издательский холдинг "Реал-Медиа". pp.   204–205, 302. ISBN   978-5-98266-061-9 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Google Maps" . Google Maps . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Скандальный бывший МУП Мирошника лидер сферы общественного транспорта Екатеринбурга? По данным мэрии, именно трамваи перевезли больше всего горожан за 2015 год" . Ведомости-Урал. 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 20 May 2016 . Retrieved 17 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2015 год" (PDF) . asmetro.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ Дмитрий Ольшванг. (18 March 2016). "Проблемы екатеринбургского метро: убытки, снижение пассажиропотока! Общественник Беззуб: "Если учитывать стоимость строительства станций, то цена билета на метро должна быть 144 рубля"..." Ведомости-Урал. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "Шины для трамваев, бензин для поездов. Документы: на что транспортные МУПы Екатеринбурга тратят деньги" . uralpolit.ru . Retrieved 13 March 2014 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Строительство трамвайной линии Екатеринбург – Верхняя Пышма начнут в 2016 году" . Портал 66.ru. 22 July 2015 . Retrieved 22 July 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал Екатеринбурга" . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ Автобусный парк Екатеринбурга утепляют к зиме . УралИнформБюро (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Более 5,4 миллионов пассажиров обслужил аэропорт Кольцово в 2017 году   (АвиаПорт)" . АвиаПорт.Ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 According to the city directory Dubl.
• ↑ Уральский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии – филиал ФГБУ "НМИЦ ФПИ" Минздрава России . urniif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный сайт ГБУ СО "Уральский научно-исследовательский институт дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии" " . urniidvi.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Екатеринбургский центр МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" . eyeclinic.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Открытие второго центра МРТ-диагностики в городе Екатеринбурге! . ekaterinburg.ldc.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 М.м, Рогалёва (2014). "Екатеринбург как современный мегаполис" . Человек в мире культуры (4): 14–17. ISSN   2227-9857 .
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 14.
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 13, 15.
• ↑ Лучшие школы России-2015 . РИА Новости (in Russian). 12 October 2015 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Общие сведения об университете – ФГБОУ ВО "Уральский государственный горный университет" " . about.ursmu.ru . Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ The second business rating of higher education Archived 29 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ Formation of the state elite 2008 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ "Российская академия наук намерена готовить кадры самостоятельно | Новости образования | Обучение Екатеринбург" . uchim66.ru . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "УрФУ перестраивается в школы" . Коммерсантъ (Екатеринбург) . 22 April 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "По количеству бюджетных мест мы уже обошли МГУ" . 7 April 2021.
• ↑ "Ural Federal University – UrFU" .
• ↑ Case study: Ural Federal University as a basic university of industry in the region Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine . – Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University, 2016. – p. 2, 9–10.
• ↑ "Гильдия издателей периодической печати" . 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Welcome media-atlas.ru - BlueHost.com" . www.media-atlas.ru . Archived from the original on 15 June 2018 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" – Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" . Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 July 2012 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вальханская, Наталья (24 March 2018). Взрыв и обрушение: снос телебашни в Екатеринбурге на видео очевидцев . Телеканал "Звезда" (in Russian) . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Тёмная башня" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Uralnets" . uralnets.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg signs cooperative agreement with Vimpelcom under Beeline brand" Archived 22 July 2013 at archive.today , Yekateringburg News , 19 July 2013. (Retrieved 22 July 2013).
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 11 July 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." Culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 19 January 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Триумф России на Всемирной выставке в Париже 1900 года – Новости РуАН" . новости-россии.ru-an.info . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Lykova TR   Cultural and historical centres of the Sverdlovsk region Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine   // method. instructions for studying the course "Cultural and Historical Centres of the Urals" for full-time or part-time students, direction 100400 – Tourism. – Ekaterinburg: UGLTU, 2014. – P. 15-16 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Архитектура и планировка социалистического Свердловска. Часть 2" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вейн, Инна (10 November 2020). "Уральские актеры и режиссеры привезли домой сразу четыре "Золотые маски" " . Ekb.dk.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg to showcase city’s cultural achievements during Year of Culture" Archived 13 February 2014 at archive.today . Yekaterinburg News . 13 February 2014. (Retrieved 13 Feb 2014).
• ↑ Pozdnyakova, Julia (27 May 2016). "Sverdlovsk Oblast was in the picture" . Kommersant . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Премией "Шаривари" отметили лучших деятелей циркового искусства – В МИРЕ ЦИРКА И ЭСТРАДЫ" . ruscircus.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Ельцин Центр признали «лучшим европейским музеем 2017 года»" . The Village (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Самые популярные достопримечательности Екатеринбурга соединит красная линия на тротуаре . Interfax-Russia.ru (in Russian). 17 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   30. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. pp.   30–31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• 1 2 3 Shvets, A. V. (2016). "Domestic architecture of the late XX – early XXI century" (PDF) . New Ideas of the New Century: Scientific. Compilation . 2 . Khabarovsk: Pacific State University: 355–362. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 – via PDF.
• ↑ GmbH, Emporis. "Yekaterinburg | Buildings | EMPORIS" . Emporis . Archived from the original on 8 April 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
• ↑ "Официальный портал Екатеринбурга" . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга . Archived from the original on 8 August 2010 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "The announcement ceremony of the host cities of the 2018 World Cup united the whole of Russia" . ru.fifa.com . Archived from the original on 3 September 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 14 August 2009 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ sport, Guardian (4 October 2017). "Outer space: the Russia World Cup stadium with a novel seating extension" . the Guardian . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Construction: Tsentralnyj Stadion Yekaterinburg – StadiumDB.com" . stadiumdb.com . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - News - FIFA Fan Fest venues announced for 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ Azmukhanov, Alexander (3 May 2018). "The three most expensive projects of the region for the World Cup" . Oblastnaya Gazeta . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 8 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the British Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the German Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the French Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 29 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Chinese Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Retrieved 7 September 2013 .
• ↑ "First summit for emerging giants" . BBC News . 16 June 2009 . Retrieved 16 June 2009 .
• ↑ Hamilton, Louis (18 June 2013). "Yekaterinburg presents city's bid for 2020 World Expo" . Yekaterinburg News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 June 2013 .
• ↑ "Глобальный саммит по производству и индустриализации (GMIS – 2019)" . Росконгресс . Retrieved 12 December 2021 .
• ↑ КИРЯГИН, Кирилл (22 July 2015). "ИННОПРОМ – в пятёрке крупнейших промышленных выставок мира" . ural.aif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 12 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Побратимы и тезки Екатеринбурга" . ekb-room.ru (in Russian). The Ekb Room. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018 . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .
• ↑ "Museum Vladimir Mulyavin in Belarusian State Philharmonic" . Retrieved 22 April 2022 .
• Екатеринбургская городская Дума.   Решение   №8/1   от   30 июня 2005 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"», в ред. Решения №1/27 от   27 января 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Екатеринбургской городской Думы", №95, 15 июля 2005 г. (Yekaterinburg City Duma.   Decision   # 8/1   of   June   30, 2005 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" , as amended by the Decision   # 1/27 of   January   27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Областной закон   №30-ОЗ   от   20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от   25 апреля 2012 г.   «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Oblast Law   # 30-OZ   of   May   20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 32-OZ of   April   25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Закон   №85-ОЗ   от   12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от   29 октября 2013 г.   «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение   39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   через 10   дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Law   # 85-OZ   of   July   12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 107-OZ of   October   29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication.).
• Official website of Yekaterinburg (in Russian)

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YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Sverdlovsk oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is the largest region in the Urals; it lies in the foothills of mountains and contains a monument indicating the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 194,800 square kilometers (75,200 square miles), is home to about 4.3 million people and has a population density of 22 people per square kilometer. About 83 percent of the population live in urban areas. Yekaterinburg is the capital and largest city, with 1.5 million people. For Russians, the Ural Mountains are closely associated with Pavel Bazhov's tales and known for folk crafts such as Kasli iron sculpture, Tagil painting, and copper embossing. Yekaterinburg is the birthplace of Russia’s iron and steel industry, taking advantage of the large iron deposits in the Ural mountains. The popular Silver Ring of the Urals tourist route starts here.

In the summer you can follow in the tracks of Yermak, climb relatively low Ural mountain peaks and look for boulders seemingly with human faces on them. You can head to the Gemstone Belt of the Ural mountains, which used to house emerald, amethyst and topaz mines. In the winter you can go ice fishing, ski and cross-country ski.

Sverdlovsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg are located near the center of Russia, at the crossroads between Europe and Asia and also the southern and northern parts of Russia. Winters are longer and colder than in western section of European Russia. Snowfalls can be heavy. Winter temperatures occasionally drop as low as - 40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and the first snow usually falls in October. A heavy winter coat, long underwear and good boots are essential. Snow and ice make the sidewalks very slippery, so footwear with a good grip is important. Since the climate is very dry during the winter months, skin moisturizer plus lip balm are recommended. Be alert for mud on street surfaces when snow cover is melting (April-May). Patches of mud create slippery road conditions.

Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (kilometer 1818 on the Trans-Siberian Railway) is the fourth largest city in Russia, with of 1.5 million and growth rate of about 12 percent, high for Russia. Located in the southern Ural mountains, it was founded by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine, it was used by the tsars as a summer retreat and is where tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed and President Boris Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career. The city is near the border between Europe and Asia.

Yekaterinburg (also spelled Ekaterinburg) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in the headwaters of the Iset and Pyshma Rivers. The Iset runs through the city center. Three ponds — Verkh-Isetsky, Gorodskoy and Nizhne-Isetsky — were created on it. Yekaterinburg has traditionally been a city of mining and was once the center of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia. Yekaterinburg remains a major center of the Russian armaments industry and is sometimes called the "Pittsburgh of Russia.". A few ornate, pastel mansions and wide boulevards are reminders of the tsarist era. The city is large enough that it has its own Metro system but is characterized mostly by blocky Soviet-era apartment buildings. The city has advanced under President Vladimir Putin and is now one of the fastest growing places in Russia, a country otherwise characterized by population declines

Yekaterinburg is technically an Asian city as it lies 32 kilometers east of the continental divide between Europe and Asia. The unofficial capital of the Urals, a key region in the Russian heartland, it is second only to Moscow in terms of industrial production and capital of Sverdlovsk oblast. Among the important industries are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, chemical and petrochemicals, construction materials and medical, light and food industries. On top of being home of numerous heavy industries and mining concerns, Yekaterinburg is also a major center for industrial research and development and power engineering as well as home to numerous institutes of higher education, technical training, and scientific research. In addition, Yekaterinburg is the largest railway junction in Russia: the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it, the southern, northern, western and eastern routes merge in the city.

Accommodation: There are two good and affordable hotels — the 3-star Emerald and Parus hotels — located close to the city's most popular landmarks and main transport interchanges in the center of Yekaterinburg. Room prices start at RUB 1,800 per night.

History of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine I. It was used by the tsars as a summer retreat but was mainly developed as metalworking and manufacturing center to take advantage of the large deposits of iron and other minerals in the Ural mountains. It is best known to Americans as the place where the last Tsar and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and near where American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Gary Powers, was shot down in 1960.

Peter the Great recognized the importance of the iron and copper-rich Urals region for Imperial Russia's industrial and military development. In November 1723, he ordered the construction of a fortress factory and an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. In its early years Yekaterinburg grew rich from gold and other minerals and later coal. The Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745 created such a huge amount of wealth that one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. By the mid-18th century, metallurgical plants had sprung up across the Urals to cast cannons, swords, guns and other weapons to arm Russia’s expansionist ambitions. The Yekaterinburg mint produced most of Russia's coins. Explorations of the Trans-Baikal and Altai regions began here in the 18th century.

Iron, cast iron and copper were the main products. Even though Iron from the region went into the Eiffel Tower, the main plant in Yekaterinburg itself was shut down in 1808. The city still kept going through a mountain factory control system of the Urals. The first railway in the Urals was built here: in 1878, the Yekaterinburg-Perm railway branch connected the province's capital with the factories of the Middle Urals.

In the Soviet era the city was called Sverdlovsk (named after Yakov Sverdlov, the man who organized Nicholas II's execution). During the first five-year plans the city became industrial — old plants were reconstructed, new ones were built. The center of Yekaterinburg was formed to conform to the historical general plan of 1829 but was the layout was adjusted around plants and factories. In the Stalin era the city was a major gulag transhipment center. In World War II, many defense-related industries were moved here. It and the surrounding area were a center of the Soviet Union's military industrial complex. Soviet tanks, missiles and aircraft engines were made in the Urals. During the Cold War era, Yekaterinburg was a center of weapons-grade uranium enrichment and processing, warhead assembly and dismantlement. In 1979, 64 people died when anthrax leaked from a biological weapons facility. Yekaterinburg was a “Closed City” for 40 years during the Cold Soviet era and was not open to foreigners until 1991

In the early post-Soviet era, much like Pittsburgh in the 1970s, Yekaterinburg had a hard struggle d to cope with dramatic economic changes that have made its heavy industries uncompetitive on the world market. Huge defense plants struggled to survive and the city was notorious as an organized crime center in the 1990s, when its hometown boy Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia. By the 2000s, Yekaterinburg’s retail and service was taking off, the defense industry was reviving and it was attracting tech industries and investments related to the Urals’ natural resources. By the 2010s it was vying to host a world exhibition in 2020 (it lost, Dubai won) and it had McDonald’s, Subway, sushi restaurants, and Gucci, Chanel and Armani. There were Bentley and Ferrari dealerships but they closed down

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Getting There: By Plane: Yekaterinburg is a three-hour flight from Moscow with prices starting at RUB 8,000, or a 3-hour flight from Saint Petersburg starting from RUB 9,422 (direct round-trip flight tickets for one adult passenger). There are also flights from Frankfurt, Istanbul, China and major cities in the former Soviet Union.

By Train: Yekaterinburg is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Daily train service is available to Moscow and many other Russian cities.Yekaterinburg is a 32-hour train ride from Moscow (tickets RUB 8,380 and above) or a 36-hour train ride from Saint Petersburg (RUB 10,300 and above). The ticket prices are round trip for a berth in a sleeper compartment for one adult passenger). By Car: a car trip from Moscow to Yekateringburg is 1,787 kilometers long and takes about 18 hours. The road from Saint Petersburg is 2,294 kilometers and takes about 28 hours.

Regional Transport: The region's public transport includes buses and suburban electric trains. Regional trains provide transport to larger cities in the Ural region. Buses depart from Yekaterinburg’s two bus stations: the Southern Bus Station and the Northern Bus Station.

Regional Transport: According the to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT): “Public transportation is well developed. Overcrowding is common. Fares are low. Service is efficient. Buses are the main form of public transport. Tram network is extensive. Fares are reasonable; service is regular. Trams are heavily used by residents, overcrowding is common. Purchase ticket after boarding. Metro runs from city center to Uralmash, an industrial area south of the city. Metro ends near the main railway station. Fares are inexpensive.

“Traffic is congested in city center. Getting around by car can be difficult. Route taxis (minivans) provide the fastest transport. They generally run on specific routes, but do not have specific stops. Drivers stop where passengers request. Route taxis can be hailed. Travel by bus or trolleybuses may be slow in rush hour. Trams are less affected by traffic jams. Trolley buses (electric buses) cannot run when temperatures drop below freezing.”

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

The performing arts in Yekaterinburg are first rate. The city has an excellent symphony orchestra, opera and ballet theater, and many other performing arts venues. Tickets are inexpensive. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater is lavishly designed and richly decorated building in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The theater was established in 1912 and building was designed by architect Vladimir Semyonov and inspired by the Vienna Opera House and the Theater of Opera and Ballet in Odessa.

Vaynera Street is a pedestrian only shopping street in city center with restaurants, cafes and some bars. But otherwise Yekaterinburg's nightlife options are limited. There are a handful of expensive Western-style restaurants and bars, none of them that great. Nightclubs serve the city's nouveau riche clientele. Its casinos have closed down. Some of them had links with organized crime. New dance clubs have sprung up that are popular with Yekaterinburg's more affluent youth.

Yekaterinburg's most popular spectator sports are hockey, basketball, and soccer. There are stadiums and arenas that host all three that have fairly cheap tickets. There is an indoor water park and lots of parks and green spaces. The Urals have many lakes, forests and mountains are great for hiking, boating, berry and mushroom hunting, swimming and fishing. Winter sports include cross-country skiing and ice skating. Winter lasts about six months and there’s usually plenty of snow. The nearby Ural Mountains however are not very high and the downhill skiing opportunities are limited..

Sights in Yekaterinburg

Sights in Yekaterinburg include the Museum of City Architecture and Ural Industry, with an old water tower and mineral collection with emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and other precious stone; Geological Alley, a small park with labeled samples of minerals found in the Urals region; the Ural Geology Museum, which houses an extensive collection of stones, gold and gems from the Urals; a monument marking the border between Europe and Asia; a memorial for gulag victims; and a graveyard with outlandish memorials for slain mafia members.

The Military History Museum houses the remains of the U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960 and locally made tanks and rocket launchers. The fine arts museum contains paintings by some of Russia's 19th-century masters. Also worth a look are the History an Local Studies Museum; the Political History and Youth Museum; and the University and Arboretum. Old wooden houses can be seen around Zatoutstovsya ulitsa and ulitsa Belinskogo. Around the city are wooded parks, lakes and quarries used to harvest a variety of minerals. Weiner Street is the main street of Yekaterinburg. Along it are lovely sculptures and 19th century architecture. Take a walk around the unique Literary Quarter

Plotinka is a local meeting spot, where you will often find street musicians performing. Plotinka can be described as the center of the city's center. This is where Yekaterinburg holds its biggest events: festivals, seasonal fairs, regional holiday celebrations, carnivals and musical fountain shows. There are many museums and open-air exhibitions on Plotinka. Plotinka is named after an actual dam of the city pond located nearby (“plotinka” means “a small dam” in Russian).In November 1723, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. “Iset” can be translated from Finnish as “abundant with fish”. This name was given to the river by the Mansi — the Finno-Ugric people dwelling on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals.

Vysotsky and Iset are skyscrapers that are 188.3 meters and 209 meters high, respectively. Fifty-story-high Iset has been described by locals as the world’s northernmost skyscraper. Before the construction of Iset, Vysotsky was the tallest building of Yekaterinburg and Russia (excluding Moscow). A popular vote has decided to name the skyscraper after the famous Soviet songwriter, singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky. and the building was opened on November 25, 2011. There is a lookout at the top of the building, and the Vysotsky museum on its second floor. The annual “Vysotsky climb” (1137 steps) is held there, with a prize of RUB 100,000. While Vysotsky serves as an office building, Iset, owned by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, houses 225 premium residential apartments ranging from 80 to 490 square meters in size.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center (in the city center: ul. Yeltsina, 3) is a non-governmental organization named after the first president of the Russian Federation. The Museum of the First President of Russia as well as his archives are located in the Center. There is also a library, educational and children's centers, and exposition halls. Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career in Yekaterinburg. He was born in Butka about 200 kilometers east of Yekaterinburg.

The core of the Center is the Museum. Modern multimedia technologies help animate the documents, photos from the archives, and artifacts. The Yeltsin Museum holds collections of: propaganda posters, leaflets, and photos of the first years of the Soviet regime; portraits and portrait sculptures of members of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of various years; U.S.S.R. government bonds and other items of the Soviet era; a copy of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, published in the “Novy Mir” magazine (#11, 1962); perestroika-era editions of books by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and other authors; theater, concert, and cinema posters, programs, and tickets — in short, all of the artifacts of the perestroika era.

The Yeltsin Center opened in 2012. Inside you will also find an art gallery, a bookstore, a gift shop, a food court, concert stages and a theater. There are regular screenings of unique films that you will not find anywhere else. Also operating inside the center, is a scientific exploritorium for children. The center was designed by Boris Bernaskoni. Almost from the its very opening, the Yeltsin Center has been accused by members of different political entities of various ideological crimes. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 9:00pm.

Where Nicholas II was Executed

On July, 17, 1918, during this reign of terror of the Russian Civil War, former-tsar Nicholas II, his wife, five children (the 13-year-old Alexis, 22-year-old Olga, 19-year-old Maria and 17-year-old Anastasia)the family physician, the cook, maid, and valet were shot to death by a Red Army firing squad in the cellar of the house they were staying at in Yekaterinburg.

Ipatiev House (near Church on the Blood, Ulitsa Libknekhta) was a merchant's house where Nicholas II and his family were executed. The house was demolished in 1977, on the orders of an up and coming communist politician named Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin later said that the destruction of the house was an "act of barbarism" and he had no choice because he had been ordered to do it by the Politburo,

The site is marked with s cross with the photos of the family members and cross bearing their names. A small wooden church was built at the site. It contains paintings of the family. For a while there were seven traditional wooden churches. Mass is given ay noon everyday in an open-air museum. The Church on the Blood — constructed to honor Nicholas II and his family — was built on the part of the site in 1991 and is now a major place of pilgrimage.

Nicholas and his family where killed during the Russian civil war. It is thought the Bolsheviks figured that Nicholas and his family gave the Whites figureheads to rally around and they were better of dead. Even though the death orders were signed Yakov Sverdlov, the assassination was personally ordered by Lenin, who wanted to get them out of sight and out of mind. Trotsky suggested a trial. Lenin nixed the idea, deciding something had to be done about the Romanovs before White troops approached Yekaterinburg. Trotsky later wrote: "The decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of he punishment showed everyone that we would continue to fight on mercilessly, stopping at nothing."

Ian Frazier wrote in The New Yorker: “Having read a lot about the end of Tsar Nicholas II and his family and servants, I wanted to see the place in Yekaterinburg where that event occurred. The gloomy quality of this quest depressed Sergei’s spirits, but he drove all over Yekaterinburg searching for the site nonetheless. Whenever he stopped and asked a pedestrian how to get to the house where Nicholas II was murdered, the reaction was a wince. Several people simply walked away. But eventually, after a lot of asking, Sergei found the location. It was on a low ridge near the edge of town, above railroad tracks and the Iset River. The house, known as the Ipatiev House, was no longer standing, and the basement where the actual killings happened had been filled in. I found the blankness of the place sinister and dizzying. It reminded me of an erasure done so determinedly that it had worn a hole through the page. [Source: Ian Frazier, The New Yorker, August 3, 2009, Frazier is author of “Travels in Siberia” (2010)]

“The street next to the site is called Karl Liebknecht Street. A building near where the house used to be had a large green advertisement that said, in English, “LG—Digitally Yours.” On an adjoining lot, a small chapel kept the memory of the Tsar and his family; beneath a pedestal holding an Orthodox cross, peonies and pansies grew. The inscription on the pedestal read, “We go down on our knees, Russia, at the foot of the tsarist cross.”

Books: The Romanovs: The Final Chapter by Robert K. Massie (Random House, 1995); The Fall of the Romanovs by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir Khrustalëv (Yale, 1995);

See Separate Article END OF NICHOLAS II factsanddetails.com

Execution of Nicholas II

According to Robert Massie K. Massie, author of Nicholas and Alexandra, Nicholas II and his family were awakened from their bedrooms around midnight and taken to the basement. They were told they were to going to take some photographs of them and were told to stand behind a row of chairs.

Suddenly, a group of 11 Russians and Latvians, each with a revolver, burst into the room with orders to kill a specific person. Yakob Yurovsky, a member of the Soviet executive committee, reportedly shouted "your relatives are continuing to attack the Soviet Union.” After firing, bullets bouncing off gemstones hidden in the corsets of Alexandra and her daughters ricocheted around the room like "a shower of hail," the soldiers said. Those that were still breathing were killed with point black shots to the head.

The three sisters and the maid survived the first round thanks to their gems. They were pressed up against a wall and killed with a second round of bullets. The maid was the only one that survived. She was pursued by the executioners who stabbed her more than 30 times with their bayonets. The still writhing body of Alexis was made still by a kick to the head and two bullets in the ear delivered by Yurovsky himself.

Yurovsky wrote: "When the party entered I told the Romanovs that in view of the fact their relatives continued their offensive against Soviet Russia, the Executive Committee of the Urals Soviet had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned his back to the detachment and faced his family. Then, as if collecting himself, he turned around, asking, 'What? What?'"

"[I] ordered the detachment to prepare. Its members had been previously instructed whom to shoot and to am directly at the heart to avoid much blood and to end more quickly. Nicholas said no more. he turned again to his family. The others shouted some incoherent exclamations. All this lasted a few seconds. Then commenced the shooting, which went on for two or three minutes. [I] killed Nicholas on the spot."

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Ganina Yama Monastery (near the village of Koptyaki, 15 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg) stands near the three-meter-deep pit where some the remains of Nicholas II and his family were initially buried. The second burial site — where most of the remains were — is in a field known as Porosyonkov (56.9113628°N 60.4954326°E), seven kilometers from Ganina Yama.

On visiting Ganina Yama Monastery, one person posted in Trip Advisor: “We visited this set of churches in a pretty park with Konstantin from Ekaterinburg Guide Centre. He really brought it to life with his extensive knowledge of the history of the events surrounding their terrible end. The story is so moving so unless you speak Russian, it is best to come here with a guide or else you will have no idea of what is what.”

In 1991, the acid-burned remains of Nicholas II and his family were exhumed from a shallow roadside mass grave in a swampy area 12 miles northwest of Yekaterinburg. The remains had been found in 1979 by geologist and amateur archeologist Alexander Avdonin, who kept the location secret out of fear that they would be destroyed by Soviet authorities. The location was disclosed to a magazine by one his fellow discovers.

The original plan was to throw the Romanovs down a mine shaft and disposes of their remains with acid. They were thrown in a mine with some grenades but the mine didn't collapse. They were then carried by horse cart. The vats of acid fell off and broke. When the carriage carrying the bodies broke down it was decided the bury the bodies then and there. The remaining acid was poured on the bones, but most of it was soaked up the ground and the bones largely survived.

After this their pulses were then checked, their faces were crushed to make them unrecognizable and the bodies were wrapped in bed sheets loaded onto a truck. The "whole procedure," Yurovsky said took 20 minutes. One soldiers later bragged than he could "die in peace because he had squeezed the Empress's -------."

The bodies were taken to a forest and stripped, burned with acid and gasoline, and thrown into abandoned mine shafts and buried under railroad ties near a country road near the village of Koptyaki. "The bodies were put in the hole," Yurovsky wrote, "and the faces and all the bodies, generally doused with sulfuric acid, both so they couldn't be recognized and prevent a stink from them rotting...We scattered it with branches and lime, put boards on top and drove over it several times—no traces of the hole remained.

Shortly afterwards, the government in Moscow announced that Nicholas II had been shot because of "a counterrevolutionary conspiracy." There was no immediate word on the other members of the family which gave rise to rumors that other members of the family had escaped. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlov in honor of the man who signed the death orders.

For seven years the remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra, three of their daughters and four servants were stored in polyethylene bags on shelves in the old criminal morgue in Yekaterunburg. On July 17, 1998, Nicholas II and his family and servants who were murdered with him were buried Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg along with the other Romanov tsars, who have been buried there starting with Peter the Great. Nicholas II had a side chapel built for himself at the fortress in 1913 but was buried in a new crypt.

Near Yekaterinburg

Factory-Museum of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (in Niznhy Tagil 80 kilometers north of Yekaterinburg) a museum with old mining equipment made at the site of huge abandoned iron and steel factory. Officially known as the Factory-Museum of the History of the Development of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, it covers an area of 30 hectares and contains a factory founded by the Demidov family in 1725 that specialized mainly in the production of high-quality cast iron and steel. Later, the foundry was renamed after Valerian Kuybyshev, a prominent figure of the Communist Party.

The first Russian factory museum, the unusual museum demonstrates all stages of metallurgy and metal working. There is even a blast furnace and an open-hearth furnace. The display of factory equipment includes bridge crane from 1892) and rolling stock equipment from the 19th-20th centuries. In Niznhy Tagil contains some huge blocks of malachite and

Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (180 kilometers east-northeast of Yekaterinburg) has an open air architecture museum with log buildings, a stone church and other pre-revolutionary architecture. The village is the creation of Ivan Samoilov, a local activist who loved his village so much he dedicated 40 years of his life to recreating it as the open-air museum of wooden architecture.

The stone Savior Church, a good example of Siberian baroque architecture. The interior and exterior of the church are exhibition spaces of design. The houses are very colorful. In tsarist times, rich villagers hired serfs to paint the walls of their wooden izbas (houses) bright colors. Old neglected buildings from the 17th to 19th centuries have been brought to Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha from all over the Urals. You will see the interior design of the houses and hear stories about traditions and customs of the Ural farmers.

Verkhoturye (330 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg) is the home a 400-year-old monastery that served as 16th century capital of the Urals. Verkhoturye is a small town on the Tura River knows as the Jerusalem of the Urals for its many holy places, churches and monasteries. The town's main landmark is its Kremlin — the smallest in Russia. Pilgrims visit the St. Nicholas Monastery to see the remains of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye, the patron saint of fishermen.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

Southern Urals

The southern Urals are characterized by grassy slopes and fertile valleys. The middle Urals are a rolling platform that barely rises above 300 meters (1,000 feet). This region is rich in minerals and has been heavily industrialized. This is where you can find Yekaterinburg (formally Sverdlovsk), the largest city in the Urals.

Most of the Southern Urals are is covered with forests, with 50 percent of that pine-woods, 44 percent birch woods, and the rest are deciduous aspen and alder forests. In the north, typical taiga forests are the norm. There are patches of herbal-poaceous steppes, northem sphagnous marshes and bushy steppes, light birch forests and shady riparian forests, tall-grass mountainous meadows, lowland ling marshes and stony placers with lichen stains. In some places there are no large areas of homogeneous forests, rather they are forests with numerous glades and meadows of different size.

In the Ilmensky Mountains Reserve in the Southern Urals, scientists counted 927 vascular plants (50 relicts, 23 endemic species), about 140 moss species, 483 algae species and 566 mushroom species. Among the species included into the Red Book of Russia are feather grass, downy-leaved feather grass, Zalessky feather grass, moccasin flower, ladies'-slipper, neottianthe cucullata, Baltic orchis, fen orchis, helmeted orchis, dark-winged orchis, Gelma sandwart, Krasheninnikov sandwart, Clare astragalus.

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

The Urals possess beautiful natural scenery that can be accessed from Yekaterinburg with a rent-a-car, hired taxi and tour. Travel agencies arrange rafting, kayaking and hiking trips. Hikes are available in the taiga forest and the Urals. Trips often include walks through the taiga to small lakes and hikes into the mountains and excursions to collect mushrooms and berries and climb in underground caves. Mellow rafting is offered in a relatively calm six kilometer section of the River Serga. In the winter visitor can enjoy cross-mountains skiing, downhill skiing, ice fishing, dog sledding, snow-shoeing and winter hiking through the forest to a cave covered with ice crystals.

Lake Shartash (10 kilometers from Yekaterinburg) is where the first Ural gold was found, setting in motion the Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745, which created so much wealth one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. The area around Shartash Lake is a favorite picnic and barbecue spot of the locals. Getting There: by bus route No. 50, 054 or 54, with a transfer to suburban commuter bus route No. 112, 120 or 121 (the whole trip takes about an hour), or by car (10 kilometers drive from the city center, 40 minutes).

Revun Rapids (90 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg near Beklenishcheva village) is a popular white water rafting places On the nearby cliffs you can see the remains of a mysterious petroglyph from the Paleolithic period. Along the steep banks, you may notice the dark entrance of Smolinskaya Cave. There are legends of a sorceress who lived in there. The rocks at the riverside are suited for competitive rock climbers and beginners. Climbing hooks and rings are hammered into rocks. The most fun rafting is generally in May and June.

Olenii Ruchii National Park (100 kilometers west of Yekaterinburg) is the most popular nature park in Sverdlovsk Oblast and popular weekend getaway for Yekaterinburg residents. Visitors are attracted by the beautiful forests, the crystal clear Serga River and picturesque rocks caves. There are some easy hiking routes: the six-kilometer Lesser Ring and the 15-kilometer Greater Ring. Another route extends for 18 km and passes by the Mitkinsky Mine, which operated in the 18th-19th centuries. It's a kind of an open-air museum — you can still view mining an enrichment equipment here. There is also a genuine beaver dam nearby.

Among the other attractions at Olenii Ruchii are Druzhba (Friendship) Cave, with passages that extend for about 500 meters; Dyrovaty Kamen (Holed Stone), created over time by water of Serga River eroding rock; and Utoplennik (Drowned Man), where you can see “The Angel of Sole Hope”., created by the Swedish artist Lehna Edwall, who has placed seven angels figures in different parts of the world to “embrace the planet, protecting it from fear, despair, and disasters.”

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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